In vitro photodynamic treatment of Fusarium oxysporum conidia through the action of thiopyridinium and methoxypyridinium chlorins

Sierra-García, Isabel N.; Lourenço, Leandro M. O.

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114081

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The structure of PS molecules is one of the major determinants of the efficiency of photosensitization [ 37 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In particular, positive charges are essential to make the PSs more water-soluble and attain the efficient photosensitization of fungal targets [ 36 , 37 , 47 ]. For this purpose, quaternized ammonium tetra- and octasubstituted phthalocyanines 1 ( Figure 4 —green) and 2 ( Figure 4 —blue) were synthesized [ 39 ] and tested against the conidia of Fusarium oxysporum , taken as the fungal pathogen model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultures of Fusarium oxysporum grown, for 7 days at 25 °C in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany ), were used to prepare the conidia suspension as described in the literature [ 36 ]. The absence of hyphae in the suspensions was checked via light microscopy (Leitz Laborlux K, Ernst Leitz GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying the structure–activity relationship is crucial in designing powerful PSs capable of inducing lethal damage to plant pathogens within short irradiation periods while preserving the integrity of host plant tissues. Porphyrin (Por) [ 21 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], chlorin (Chl) [ 16 , 35 , 36 ], and phthalocyanine (Pc) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] dyes have been extensively used for the aPDT approach. Pcs display unique UV-vis spectra, typically with a Soret band at a wavelength maximum of 350 nm and intense Q bands in the red/near-IR region (600–800 nm) [ 37 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines

Gamelas

Sierra-García

Tomé

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been explored as an innovative therapeutic approach because it can be used to inactivate a variety of microbial forms (vegetative forms and spores) without causing significant damage to host tissues, and without the development of resistance to the photosensitization process. This study assesses the photodynamic antifungal/sporicidal activity of tetra- and octasubstituted phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes with ammonium groups. Tetra- and octasubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines (1 and 2) were prepared and tested as photosensitizers (PSs) on Fusarium oxysporum conidia. Photoinactivation (PDI) tests were conducted with photosensitizer (PS) concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 µM under white-light exposure at an irradiance of 135 mW·cm–2, applied during 30 and 60 min (light doses of 243 and 486 J·cm−2). High PDI efficiency corresponding to the inactivation process until the detection limit was observed for both PSs. The tetrasubstituted PS was the most effective, requiring the lowest concentration and the shortest irradiation time for the complete inactivation of conidia (40 µM, 30 min, 243 J·cm−2). Complete inactivation was also achieved with PS 2, but a longer irradiation time and a higher concentration (60 µM, 60 min, 486 J·cm−2) were necessary. Because of the low concentrations and moderate energy doses required to inactivate resistant biological forms such as fungal conidia, these phthalocyanines can be considered potent antifungal photodynamic drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines

Gamelas

Sierra-García

Tomé

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Besides this, it is important to highlight that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been also explored as an innovative therapeutic approach because it can be used to inactivate a variety of microbial forms (e.g., bacteria [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], fungi [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and viruses [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]) without causing significant damage to host tissues and without the development of resistance to the photosensitization process [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Photodynamic Therapy as an Important Tool for Biological Breakthroughs—Photoactive Photosensitizers Applied from Cancer to Microbial Targets

Lourenço,

Tomé,

Tomé

2023

IJMS

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“…Investigating the structure-activity relationship plays is essential for developing potent photosensitizers (PSs) capable of inflicting lethal damage on plant pathogens within brief exposure to irradiation without harming host plant tissues. Porphyrin (Por) [33], chlorin (Chl) [36,37], and phthalocyanine (Pc) [38,39] dyes have been extensively employed in the PDI method. Pcs exhibit distinctive UV-visible spectra, typically characterized by a Soret band with a maximum wavelength at 350 nm and intense Q bands within the red/near-infrared range (600-800 nm) [38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Driven Tetra- and Octa-β-substituted Cationic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines for Eradicating Fusarium oxysporum Conidia

Lourenço,

Cunha,

Sierra-Garcia

2023

IJMS

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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an emerging therapeutic approach that can effectively inactivate diverse microbial forms, including vegetative forms and spores, while preserving host tissues and avoiding the development of resistance to the photosensitization procedure. This study evaluates the antifungal and sporicidal photodynamic activity of two water-soluble amphiphilic tetra- and octa-β-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes with dimethylaminopyridinium groups at the periphery (ZnPcs 1, 2) and their quaternized derivatives (ZnPcs 1a, 2a). Tetra(1, 1a)- and octa(2, 2a)-β-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines were prepared and assessed as photosensitizers (PSs) for their effects on Fusarium oxysporum conidia. Antimicrobial photoinactivation experiments were performed with each PS at 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 µM under white light irradiation at an irradiance of 135 mW·cm–2, for 60 min (light dose of 486 J·cm−2). High PDI efficiency was observed for PSs 1a, 2, and 2a (10 µM), corresponding to inactivation until the method’s detection limit. PS 1 (20 µM) also achieved a considerable reduction of >5 log10 in the concentration of viable conidia. The quaternized PSs (1a, 2a) showed better PDI performance than the non-quaternized ones (1, 2), even at the low concentration of 1 µM, and a light dose of 486 J·cm−2. These cationic phthalocyanines are potent photodynamic drugs for antifungal applications due to their ability to effectively inactivate resistant forms, like conidia, with low concentrations and reasonable energy doses.

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In vitro photodynamic treatment of Fusarium oxysporum conidia through the action of thiopyridinium and methoxypyridinium chlorins

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines

In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines

Editorial: Photodynamic Therapy as an Important Tool for Biological Breakthroughs—Photoactive Photosensitizers Applied from Cancer to Microbial Targets

Light-Driven Tetra- and Octa-β-substituted Cationic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines for Eradicating Fusarium oxysporum Conidia

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