In vitro photodynamic treatment of Fusarium oxysporum conidia through the action of thiopyridinium and methoxypyridinium chlorins

In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines

“…The structure of PS molecules is one of the major determinants of the efficiency of photosensitization [ 37 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In particular, positive charges are essential to make the PSs more water-soluble and attain the efficient photosensitization of fungal targets [ 36 , 37 , 47 ]. For this purpose, quaternized ammonium tetra- and octasubstituted phthalocyanines 1 ( Figure 4 —green) and 2 ( Figure 4 —blue) were synthesized [ 39 ] and tested against the conidia of Fusarium oxysporum , taken as the fungal pathogen model.…”

“…Cultures of Fusarium oxysporum grown, for 7 days at 25 °C in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany ), were used to prepare the conidia suspension as described in the literature [ 36 ]. The absence of hyphae in the suspensions was checked via light microscopy (Leitz Laborlux K, Ernst Leitz GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).…”

“…Studying the structure–activity relationship is crucial in designing powerful PSs capable of inducing lethal damage to plant pathogens within short irradiation periods while preserving the integrity of host plant tissues. Porphyrin (Por) [ 21 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], chlorin (Chl) [ 16 , 35 , 36 ], and phthalocyanine (Pc) [ 37 , 38 , 39 ] dyes have been extensively used for the aPDT approach. Pcs display unique UV-vis spectra, typically with a Soret band at a wavelength maximum of 350 nm and intense Q bands in the red/near-IR region (600–800 nm) [ 37 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Editorial: Photodynamic Therapy as an Important Tool for Biological Breakthroughs—Photoactive Photosensitizers Applied from Cancer to Microbial Targets

“…Besides this, it is important to highlight that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been also explored as an innovative therapeutic approach because it can be used to inactivate a variety of microbial forms (e.g., bacteria [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], fungi [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], and viruses [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]) without causing significant damage to host tissues and without the development of resistance to the photosensitization process [ 15 ].…”