In vitro phagocytosis of collagens by immortalised human retinal Müller cells

Ponsioen, Theodorus L.; Luyn, Marja J. A. van; Worp, Roelofje J. van der; Nolte, Ilja M.; Hooymans, Johanna M. M.; Los, Leonoor I.

doi:10.1007/s00417-006-0314-6

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, fish M€ uller cells were found to be able to phagocytose latex beads in vitro, but not in vivo (Wagner & Raymond, 1991). Cultured human (Mano & Puro, 1990;Ponsioen et al 2007) and rabbit (Stolzenburg et al 1992) M€ uller cells are capable of phagocytosing latex beads. More recently, in vitro studies using immortalized human retinal M€ uller glia showed that they can phagocytose and kill bacteria in a time-dependent manner (Singh et al 2014).…”

Section: M€ Uller Glia and Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Müller glia and phagocytosis of cell debris in retinal tissue

et al. 2017

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M€ uller cells are the predominant glial cell type in the retina of vertebrates. They play a wide variety of roles in both the developing and the mature retina that have been widely reported in the literature. However, less attention has been paid to their role in phagocytosis of cell debris under physiological, pathological or experimental conditions. M€ uller glia have been shown to phagocytose apoptotic cell bodies originated during development of the visual system. They also engulf foreign molecules that are injected into the eye, cone outer segments and injured photoreceptors. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor cell debris in the light-damaged teleost retina is primarily carried out by M€ uller cells. Once the microglial cells become activated and migrate to the photoreceptor cell layer, the phagocytic activity of M€ uller cells progressively decreases, suggesting a possible mechanism of communication between M€ uller cells and neighbouring microglia and photoreceptors. Additionally, it has been shown that phagocytic M€ uller cells acquire proliferating activity in the damaged teleost retina, suggesting that engulfment of apoptotic photoreceptor debris might stimulate the M€ uller glia to proliferate during the regenerative response. These findings highlight M€ uller glia phagocytosis as an underlying mechanism contributing to degeneration and regeneration under pathological conditions.

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Section: M€ Uller Glia and Phagocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultured human (Mano & Puro, ; Ponsioen et al. ) and rabbit (Stolzenburg et al. ) Müller cells are capable of phagocytosing latex beads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Müller glia and phagocytosis of cell debris in retinal tissue

et al. 2017

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“…Studies have shown that Müller cells can phagocytize type II collagen and cellular debris from dead cells and latex beads [4,42]. To our knowledge, there is no evidence that these cells can phagocytize pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vivo phagocytic activity of Müller cells was described more than eight decades ago [ 4 , 41 ]. Studies have shown that Müller cells can phagocytize type II collagen and cellular debris from dead cells and latex beads [ 4 , 42 ]. To our knowledge, there is no evidence that these cells can phagocytize pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Müller cells are radial glia that pass through the retina from its inner border to the distal end of the outer nuclear layer and because of their cell processes, they surround neuronal cell bodies, axons and blood vessels [ 1 , 2 ]. Müller cells have many local functions; they stabilize the retinal architecture, provide an orientation scaffold, give structural and metabolic support to retinal neurons and blood vessels and prevent aberrant photoreceptor migration into the sub-retinal space [ 3 , 4 ]. Apart from these important support functions, our recent studies have implicated their role in retinal innate defense against microbial infection, such as bacterial endophthalmitis [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibacterial responses of retinal Müller glia: production of antimicrobial peptides, oxidative burst and phagocytosis

Singh

Shiha

Kumar

2014

J Neuroinflammation

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BackgroundWe have previously shown that, in response to microbial infection, activated Müller glia secrete inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and exhibit antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms and the key components involved in this response.MethodsImmortalized human retinal Müller glia (MIO-M1 cells) were challenged with Staphylococcus (S) aureus, the leading cause of severe intraocular infection followed by RT2 profile PCR array analysis. The expression of human β-defensin 1 (HBD1), 2 (HBD2), 3 (HBD3), hepcidine and cathelicidin LL37 was checked by RT-PCR and quantified by Taqman® qPCR. The expression of AMPs was confirmed at protein level by dot-blot analysis. The production of ROS was measured by dicholoro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining by flow cytometry as well as fluorescence microscopy. The level of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by measuring a stable metabolite, nitrite using the Griess reagent. In vitro killing assay was performed by Live/Dead® BacLight™ staining as well as by dilution plating in suspension and adherent conditions following S. aureus infection. Phagocytosis was measured by CFU enumeration following infection.ResultsPCR array data showed that, in comparison to uninfected control cells, bacterial challenge significantly (> two-fold) induced the expression of 26 genes involved in cytokine/chemokine, antimicrobials, Toll-like receptor, apoptotic, and NF-κB signaling. RT-PCR analysis showed time-dependent increased expression of HBD1, HBD2, HBD3, LL-37, and hepcidin mRNA in bacteria-challenged Müller glia. The expression of these antimicrobial molecules was also increased at the protein level in the culture supernatant, as detected by dot-blot analysis. Additionally, the bacteria-stimulated Müller glia were found to produce reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species. In vitro, killing assays revealed that Müller glia exhibited bactericidal activity against S. aureus in both adherent and suspension cultures. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that Müller glia can phagocytize and kill the bacteria in a time-dependent manner.ConclusionsThese data suggest that retinal Müller glia behave like classical innate immune cells by producing a variety of antimicrobial molecules in response to bacterial challenge, suggesting their pivotal role in retinal innate defense.

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Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy

Ikeda

Nakamura

Oku

2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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The pathogenesis of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been considered to involve autoimmunity. Serum and synovial fluid levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies increase early after the onset of RA, thus inducing immune responses and subsequent hydrarthrosis and angiogenesis, which resemble diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. We previously reported that DR is also associated with increased serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies. Retinal hypoxia in DR may induce pericytes to express type II collagen, resulting in autoantibody production against type II collagen. As the result of blood-retinal barrier disruption, anti-type II collagen antibodies in the serum come into contact with type II collagen around the retinal vessels. A continued loss of pericytes and type II collagen around the retinal vessels may result in a shift of the immune reaction site from the retina to the vitreous. It has been reported that anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages increased in the vitreous of PDR patients, accompanied by the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator of innate immunity. M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and fibrosis, which might be exacerbated and prolonged by dysregulated innate immunity.

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In vitro phagocytosis of collagens by immortalised human retinal Müller cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Müller glia and phagocytosis of cell debris in retinal tissue

Müller glia and phagocytosis of cell debris in retinal tissue

Antibacterial responses of retinal Müller glia: production of antimicrobial peptides, oxidative burst and phagocytosis

Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy

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