In Vitro Phagocytosis by Molluscan Hemocytes: A Survey and Critique of Methods

Robohm, Richard A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4766-8_6

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…). Phagocytic hemocytes are the primary, non‐specific defence mechanism against invasion pathogenic organisms in invertebrates (Robohm ; Olivier et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumberApostichopus japonicusjuvenile

Liao

Ren

et al. 2014

Aquacult Nutr

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A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus juvenile focusing on growth performance and non‐specific immune response. Diets with seven crude protein levels (42.0, 108.9, 155.2, 216.7, 258.0, 313.3 and 357.5 g kg−1) were fed to sea cucumber juveniles (1.05 ±0.01 g) once a day for 100 days. More than 70% survival was observed, and there was no significant difference among all treatments. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 108.9 g kg−1 crude protein showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those of the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 42.0, 216.7, 258.0, 313.3 and 357.5 g kg−1 crude protein. No significantly differences (P > 0.05) were observed in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate content of the body wall among all treatments. The coelomic fluid catalase activity of the sea cucumbers generally increased with increasing dietary protein levels. Therefore, the acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity increased with increasing dietary protein levels at first and decreased subsequently. The relationship between dietary protein levels and body weight gain was analysed by a second‐order polynomial regression analysis model. The result indicates that the optimum dietary protein level for sea cucumber juveniles is 135.4 g kg−1.

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“…). Phagocytic hemocytes are the primary, non‐specific defence mechanism against invasion pathogenic organisms in invertebrates (Robohm ; Olivier et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumberApostichopus japonicusjuvenile

Liao

Ren

et al. 2014

Aquacult Nutr

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“…At temperatures below 10 C it is inhibited in vitro (Alvarez et al, 1989;Carballal et al, 1997) and in vivo . In these conditions there is a considerably lower digestive and migratory activity by haemocytes (Feng & Feng, 1974), and they are prevented from attaching to glass surfaces (Robohm, 1984). The phagocytic activity in P. marinus infected oysters was inhibited at temperatures over 20 C , and this could be one of the reasons why the prevalence of this parasite species is higher in summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phagocytosis inhibition of clam and mussel haemocytes by Perkinsus atlanticus secretion products.

Ordás

Novoa

Figueras

1999

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…An E. coli mutant lacking certain sugars in its cell wall was more susceptible to phagocytic uptake by oyster hemocytes than the wildtype strain containing these sugars (Robohm, 1984). Formaldehyde-treated S. aureus and autoclaved E. coli were very poorly phagocitized by clam hemocytes, while living cells or those killed in other ways were readily taken in by hemocytes (Tripp, 1992a), indicating that physical or chemical alteration of bacterial surfaces affects their ability to be phagocytized.…”

Section: How Can Bacteria Evade Phagocytosis By Bivalve Hemocytes?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Bacteria–hemocyte interactions and phagocytosis in marine bivalves

Canesi

Gallo

Gavioli

et al. 2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

365

217

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Marine bivalves (such as mussels, oysters, and clams) are widespread mollusks in coastal waters at different latitudes; due to their filter-feeding habits, they accumulate large numbers of bacteria from the harvesting waters and may act as passive carriers of human pathogens. To cope with this challenge, bivalves possess both humoral and cellular defense mechanisms with remarkably effective capabilities. The circulating cells, or hemocytes, are primarily responsible for defense against parasites and pathogens; microbial killing results from the combined action of the phagocytic process with humoral defense factors such as agglutinins (e.g., lectins), lysosomal enzymes (e.g., acid phosphatase, lysozyme), toxic oxygen intermediates, and various antimicrobial peptides. In this work, current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between bacteria and the hemolymph components of marine bivalves is summarized. Bacterial susceptibility to hemolymph killing in different bivalve species may be a consequence of the different ability of bacterial products to attract phagocytes, the presence or absence of specific opsonizing molecules, the hemocyte capability to bind and engulf different bacteria, and the different bacterial sensitivity to intracellular killing. The role of soluble (e.g., agglutinins and opsonins) and surface-bound factors in bacterial phagocytosis by hemocytes of the most common marine bivalve species is described and the possibility that environmental temperatures and other seasonal factors may influence this process is considered. Moreover, the potential strategies used by bacteria to evade phagocytic killing by hemocytes are discussed. From the available data it is clear that several questions need further investigation; the elucidation of the factors influencing phagocytosis in bivalves and the fundamental strategies used by bacteria to escape hemolymph killing are important not only to understand bivalve immune defenses but also to explain the persistence of pathogenic bacteria in bivalve tissues and to predict the consequent impact on human health.

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In Vitro Phagocytosis by Molluscan Hemocytes: A Survey and Critique of Methods

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumberApostichopus japonicusjuvenile

Optimum dietary protein level for growth and coelomic fluid non-specific immune enzymes of sea cucumberApostichopus japonicusjuvenile

Phagocytosis inhibition of clam and mussel haemocytes by Perkinsus atlanticus secretion products.

Bacteria–hemocyte interactions and phagocytosis in marine bivalves

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