In Vitro Permeation Studies on Carvedilol Containing Dissolving Microarray Patches Quantified Using a Rapid and Simple HPLC-UV Analytical Method

Abstract

Analytical method validation is a vital element of drug formulation and delivery studies. Here, high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with UV detection (HPLC-UV) has been used to produce a straightforward, quick, yet sensitive analytical approach to quantify carvedilol (CAR). A C18 column was used to isolate the analyte from the mixture by isocratic elution with a mobile phase comprising a mixture of 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid in water and acetonitrile in a ratio of 65:35 v/v at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min−1. Linearity was observed for CAR concentrations within the range of 1.5–50 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.999) in phosphate buffer saline and within the range of 0.2–6.2 μg mL−1 (R2 = 0.9999) in methanol. The International Council on Harmonization (ICH) requirements were followed throughout the validation of the isocratic approach, rendering it specific, accurate, and precise. Moreover, robustness tests indicated that the method remained selective and specific despite small deliberate changes to environmental and operational factors. An efficient extraction procedure was also developed to extract and quantify CAR from excised neonatal porcine skin, resulting in recovery rates ranging from 95 to 97%. The methods reported here have been successfully utilised to evaluate CAR permeation, both transdermally and intradermally following application of a dissolving microarray patch (MAP) to excised neonatal porcine skin. Graphical Abstract

Design of a Novel Delivery Efficiency Feedback System for Biphasic Dissolving Microarray Patches Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) and Moisture‐Indicating Silica

“…DMAPs individually loaded with either FITC‐dextran 150 kDa or fluorescein sodium exhibited a height reduction percentage of less than 20%, which suggested that the needles had desirable hardness and mechanical strength to penetrate the skin [ 18 ] ( Figure a). Eight layers of Parafilm were folded to reach a total height of ≈1000 µm, with the thickness for each sheet about 126 µm.…”

An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant

“…The concentration of each drug was quantified using the HPLC method at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. 59…”

Methodologies to Evaluate the Hair Follicle-Targeted Drug Delivery Provided by Nanoparticles

“…As a rule, chromatographic methods are used to fulfill the selectivity requirement. Usually, the most used types of detectors are UV or diode array [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], fluorescence [ 88 , 89 ], and mass spectrophotometry [ 90 , 91 , 92 ], depending on the nature of the analyzed drug.…”