In Vitro p24 Antigen-Stimulated Lymphocyte Proliferation and β-Chemokine Production in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Seropositive Subjects after Immunization with an Inactivated gp120-Depleted HIV-1 Immunogen (Remune)

Abstract

We examined the effect of immune stimulation by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunogen (Remune) compared to a non-HIV vaccine (influenza) on HIV-1-specific immune responses in HIV-1-seropositive subjects. HIV-1 p24 antigen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was not augmented after immunization with the influenza vaccine. In contrast, subjects increased their lymphocyte proliferative responses to p24 antigen after one immunization with HIV-1 immunogen (Remune) (gp120-depleted inactivated HIV-1 in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant). Furthermore, p24 antigen-stimulated β-chemokine production (RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β) was also augmented after immunization with the HIV-1 immunogen but not influenza vaccine. Taken together, these results suggest that in this cohort, HIV-specific immune responses to p24 antigen can be augmented after immunization with an HIV-1 immunogen. The ability to upregulate immune responses to the more conserved core proteins may have important implications in the development of immunotherapeutic interventions for HIV-1 infection.

Up‐regulation of β‐chemokines and down‐modulation of CCR5 co‐receptors inhibit simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in non‐human primates

“… 28–30 It is noteworthy that vaccination per se does not up‐regulate the β‐chemokines, as was found by immunization with measles virus in macaques 22 or influenza virus in humans. 31 Similarly, the adjuvant used (MDP, alum or ISCOM) did not affect the level of the β‐chemokines. 22 However, using the same vaccine (SIVgp120 and p27) administered by different routes of immunization appears to affect the level of β‐chemokine concentration.…”

Loss of HIV-1–specific CD8+ T Cell Proliferation after Acute HIV-1 Infection and Restoration by Vaccine-induced HIV-1–specific CD4+ T Cells

“…In Vivo Reconstitution of the Proliferative Activity of HIV-1specific CD8 ϩ T Cells by Vaccine-induced, IL-2-secreting, HIV-1-specific CD4 ϩ T Cells. A number of studies have indicated that the administration of inactivated gp120-depleted HIV-1 can result in the induction of strong HIV-1-specific CD4 ϩ T cell lymphoproliferative responses (22)(23)(24)(25). We showed recently in a placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial in 10 individuals (5 receiving HIV vaccine and 5 receiving adjuvant alone), that the vaccine could elicit vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4 ϩ T cell-mediated lymphoproliferative immune responses in chronically infected HIV-1 persons treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, but did not increase the magnitude of HIV-1-specific CD8 ϩ T cell responses when measured by an interferon ␥ ELISPOT assay (14).…”

The role of immunity in protection from mucosal SIV infection in macaques

“…However, human subjects homozygous for the 32 bp deletion of CCR5, do not show evidence of coreceptor switch as they remain free of HIV infection Samson et al, 1996;Dean et al, 1996). Vaccination per se does not up-regulate β chemokines, as was demonstrated in macaques immunized with measles virus (Wang et al, 1998) or influenza in humans (Moss et al, 1998). However, using the same vaccine (SIV gp120 and p27) administered by different routes, including mucosal routes with CTB as adjuvant, appears to affect the level of β chemokine concentration Wang et al, 1998).…”