In vitro organogenesis from undifferentiated cells in <i>Xenopus</i>

Asashima, Makoto; Ito, Yuzuru; Chan, Techuan; Michiue, Tatsuo; Nakanishi, Mio; Suzuki, Kan; Hitachi, Keisuke; Okabayashi, Koji; Kondow, Akiko; Ariizumi, Takashi

doi:10.1002/dvdy.21979

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Although lacZ staining could be detected outside of the glomus, these cells did not co-express nphs1 or kirrel (data not shown). In a second approach analogous to experiments spearheaded by Asashima and colleagues (Asashima et al, 2009), ectodermal explants were treated with 10 ng/ml Activin A for 3 hours at stage 9.5. This exposure was sufficient to induce podocyte terminal differentiation genes as assessed by RT-PCR analysis and suggested that ectodermal explants can be transdifferentiated into podocytes (see Fig.…”

Section: Wt1 Foxc2 and Notch Signaling Induce Ectopic Podocyte Markementioning

confidence: 99%

Notch signaling, wt1 and foxc2 are key regulators of the podocyte gene regulatory network in Xenopus

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYPodocytes are highly specialized cells in the vertebrate kidney. They participate in the formation of the size-exclusion barrier of the glomerulus/glomus and recruit mesangial and endothelial cells to form a mature glomerulus. At least six transcription factors (wt1, foxc2, hey1, tcf21, lmx1b and mafb) are known to be involved in podocyte specification, but how they interact to drive the differentiation program is unknown. The Xenopus pronephros was used as a paradigm to address this question. All six podocyte transcription factors were systematically eliminated by antisense morpholino oligomers. Changes in the expression of the podocyte transcription factors and of four selected markers of terminal differentiation (nphs1, kirrel, ptpru and nphs2) were analyzed by in situ hybridization. The data were assembled into a transcriptional regulatory network for podocyte development. Although eliminating the six transcription factors individually interfered with aspects of podocyte development, no single gene regulated the entire differentiation program. Only the combined knockdown of wt1 and foxc2 resulted in a loss of all podocyte marker gene expression. Gain-of-function studies showed that wt1 and foxc2 were sufficient to increase podocyte gene expression within the glomus proper. However, the combination of wt1, foxc2 and Notch signaling was required for ectopic expression in ventral marginal zone explants. Together, this approach demonstrates how complex interactions are required for the correct spatiotemporal execution of the podocyte gene expression program.

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Section: Wt1 Foxc2 and Notch Signaling Induce Ectopic Podocyte Markementioning

confidence: 99%

Notch signaling, wt1 and foxc2 are key regulators of the podocyte gene regulatory network in Xenopus

et al. 2010

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“…The presumptive pronephros region, originating from the somitic intermediate mesoderm, starts to be specified at early neurula stage (st. 12.5); the pronephros anlagen is generated by cell condensation at late neurula (st. 22). The complete organ is functional at tadpole stage (st. 37-38) and consists of a glomus that filters into the coelum; the filtrate is reabsorbed by the nephrostomes and driven to the tubules and the duct (Vize et al, 1997;Brennan et al, 1999;Asashima et al, 2009;Desgrange and Cereghini, 2015).…”

Section: O-q)mentioning

confidence: 99%

pdzrn3 is required for pronephros morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Marracci¹,

Vangelisti²,

Raffa³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Pdzrn3, a multidomain protein with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, has been reported to play a role in myoblast and osteoblast differentiation and, more recently, in neuronal and endothelial cell development. The expression of the pdzrn3 gene is developmentally regulated in various vertebrate tissues, including muscular, neural and vascular system. Little is known about its expression during kidney development, although genetic polymorphisms and alterations around the human pdzrn3 chromosomal region have been found to be associated with renal cell carcinomas and other kidney diseases. We investigated the pdzrn3 spatio-temporal expression pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos by in situ hybridization. We focused our study on the development of the pronephros, which is the embryonic amphibian kidney, functionally similar to the most primitive nephric structures of human kidney. To explore the role of pdzrn3 during renal morphogenesis, we performed loss-of-function experiments, through antisense morpholino injections and analysed the morphants using specific pronephric markers. Dynamic pdzrn3 expression was observed in embryonic tissues, such as somites, brain, eye, blood islands, heart, liver and pronephros. Loss of function experiments resulted in specific alterations of pronephros development. In particular, at early stages, pdzrn3 depletion was associated with a reduction of the pronephros anlagen and later, with perturbations of the tubulogenesis, including deformation of the proximal tubules. Rescue experiments, in which mRNA of the zebrafish pdzrn3 orthologue was injected together with the morpholino, allowed recovery of the kidney phenotypes. These results underline the importance of pdzrn3 expression for correct nephrogenesis.

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“…Acinar-like cells containing secretory granules have also been identified, confirming that undifferentiated cells can differentiate into pancreatic tissue in vitro. By optimizing the concentrations of activin and retinoic acid, differentiation of a variety of organs can be induced from the animal cap (Asashima et al, 2009). When an animal cap is cultured without stimulation, it becomes amorphous epidermis, but treatment with a low concentration of activin induces blood islands and muscles.…”

Section: Treated With Various Concentrations Of Activin a Followed Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of differentiation of undifferentiated cells into pancreatic beta cells in vertebrates

Hashimoto¹,

Kunisada²,

Kurisaki³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In vitro organogenesis from undifferentiated cells in Xenopus

Cited by 33 publications

References 128 publications

Notch signaling, wt1 and foxc2 are key regulators of the podocyte gene regulatory network in Xenopus

Notch signaling, wt1 and foxc2 are key regulators of the podocyte gene regulatory network in Xenopus

pdzrn3 is required for pronephros morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis

Induction of differentiation of undifferentiated cells into pancreatic beta cells in vertebrates

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