In vitro modeling of acute salpingitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Draper, Deborah; Donegan, Elizabeth; James, J. F.; Sweet, Richard L.; Brooks, George F.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(80)91095-9

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1 Infection of organ cultures has provided an experimental means of studying the interactions of gonococci and meningococci with intact mucosal surfaces (10,26,36,38,53,70). Human fallopian tube organ cultures (FTOC) are used because they are a site of natural infection (gonococcal salpingitis).…”

Section: Description Of Human Cells Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonococcal and meningococcal pathogenesis as defined by human cell, cell culture, and organ culture assays

Stephens

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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Human cells, cell cultures, and organ cultures have been extremely useful for studying the events that occur when gonococci and meningococci encounter human mucosal surfaces. The specificity and selectivity of these events for human cells are striking and correlate with the adaptation of these pathogens for survival on human mucous membranes. To colonize these sites, meningococci and gonococci have developed mechanisms to damage local host defenses such as the mucociliary blanket, to attach to epithelial cells, and to invade these cells. Attachment to epithelial cells mediated by pili, and to some types of cells mediated by PIIs, serves to anchor the organism close to sources of nutrition and allows multiplication. Intracellular invasion, possibly initiated by the major porin protein, may provide additional nutritional support and protection from host defenses. Mucosal invasion may also result in access of gonococci and meningococci to the bloodstream, leading to dissemination.

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Section: Description Of Human Cells Cell Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonococcal and meningococcal pathogenesis as defined by human cell, cell culture, and organ culture assays

Stephens

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…"J ' Moreover, several studies have revealed that alterations in pili and P. I1 molecules substantially affect the adhesive properties of the bacteria for different cell types. ' [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Clinical isolates of gonococci can be classified not only into pilate and non-pilate phenotypes, but also into opacity variants on the basis of colonial morphology. 21 Opaque-colony (Op) gonococci have one or more P. I1 proteins,22923 whereas colourless, transparent (Tr) colonies generally contain bacteria whose outer membranes are devoid of these proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of transparent and opaque colony types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for the genital tract of mice

Kita

Katsui²,

Emoto³

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. The virulence of transparent (Tr) and opaque (Op) colony types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the genital tract of female mice was evaluated at two stages of oestrous. Isogenic pairs of Tr and Op variants were isolated from N . gonorrhoeae strain 57-120. Both variants exhibited a T2 morphology, but only the Op variant possessed protein I1 (P. 11) in outer-membrane fractions. When administered by intravaginal inoculation Op gonococci were highly infective only for mice in late pro-oestrous, whereas Tr gonococci were virulent for mice at both late pro-oestrous and dioestrous. Gonococci recovered from the uterus were of both Tr and Op phenotypes in equal proportions when mice were infected at dioestrous with Tr cells. In contrast, ~9 0 % of recovered colonies were of Op phenotype when mice were infected at late pro-oestrous with either Op or Tr cells. These results indicate that the virulence of gonococci for the genital tract of female mice differs from that for the chicken embryo. Furthermore, gonococcal survival in the female genital tract might be attributable to phase variation from Tr to Op phenotypes.

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“…In the case of N. gonorrhoeae, bacteria first colonize the mucosal surfaces of either the urethral or vaginal epithelium. In immortalized cell lines and primary cell culture, it has been well established that early adherent gonococci actively aggregate to form microcolonies on the surface of epithelial cells (7,8). Furthermore, bacteria in microcolonies elicit rearrangement of host cell cytoskeletal components (9,10) and modulate cell signaling (11,12), indicating that these cell surface clusters of gonococci influence host interac-tions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seminal Plasma Promotes Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregation and Biofilm Formation

et al. 2016

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the human-specific disease gonorrhea and is transmitted from person to person primarily via sexual contact. During transmission, N. gonorrhoeae is often exposed to seminal fluid and must adapt to this change in environment. Previous work demonstrated that seminal fluid facilitates N. gonorrhoeae motility and alters epithelial cell interactions. In this study, exposure to seminal fluid was found to decrease surface adherence of gonococci in a manner that was independent of Opa adhesin proteins or type IV pilus retraction. Semen was also shown to cause dispersal of bacteria that had previously established surface adherence. Although surface adherence decreased, interbacterial interactions were increased by seminal plasma both in long-term static culture and on a cell-to-cell basis over shorter time periods. The result of increased bacterium-bacterium interactions resulted in the formation of microcolonies, an important step in the N. gonorrhoeae infectious process. Seminal fluid also facilitated increased bacterial aggregation in the form of shear-resistant three-dimensional biofilms. These results emphasize the importance of the gonococcal response to the influx of seminal fluid within the genital niche. Further characterization of the N. gonorrhoeae response to semen will advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the establishment of infection in naive hosts and the process of transmission. IMPORTANCE N. gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of the globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. An understudied aspect of this human-adapted pathogen is the change in bacterial physiology that occurs during sexual transmission. N. gonorrhoeae encounters semen when transmitted from host to host, and it is known that, when N. gonorrhoeae is exposed to seminal fluid, alterations in bacterial motility and type IV pilus arrangement occur. This work extends our previous observations on this modulation of gonococcal physiology by seminal fluid and demonstrates that seminal plasma decreases surface adherence, promotes interbacterial interactions, and enhances biofilm formation.

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In vitro modeling of acute salpingitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Gonococcal and meningococcal pathogenesis as defined by human cell, cell culture, and organ culture assays

Gonococcal and meningococcal pathogenesis as defined by human cell, cell culture, and organ culture assays

Virulence of transparent and opaque colony types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for the genital tract of mice

Seminal Plasma Promotes Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregation and Biofilm Formation

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