In vitro metabolism of cannabinol in rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil and cat

Brown, N. K.; Harvey, David J.

doi:10.1007/bf03190212

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cannabis also contains cannabichromene (CBC), another structural isomer of Δ 8 -THC, Δ 9 -THC, and CBD (Figure S1). , Because structural isomers are isobaric, they cannot be distinguished using mass spectrometry (MS). Cannabinoids also cannot be distinguished by tandem-MS when detected as either protonated or deprotonated ions, , so the introduction of orthogonal separation techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Argentination: A Silver Bullet for Cannabinoid Separation by Differential Mobility Spectrometry

2023

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As the legality of cannabis continues to evolve globally, there is a growing demand for methods that can accurately quantitate cannabinoids found in commercial products. However, the isobaric nature of many cannabinoids, along with variations in extraction methods and product formulations, makes cannabinoid quantitation by mass spectrometry (MS) challenging. Here, we demonstrate that differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) and tandem-MS can distinguish a set of seven cannabinoids, five of which are isobaric: Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), Δ 8 -THC, exo-THC, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabinol, and cannabigerol. Analytes were detected as argentinated species ([M + Ag] + ), which, when subjected to collision-induced dissociation, led to the unexpected discovery that argentination promotes distinct fragmentation patterns for each cannabinoid. The unique fragment ions formed were rationalized by discerning fragmentation mechanisms that follow each cannabinoid's MS 3 behavior. The differing fragmentation behaviors between species suggest that argentination can distinguish cannabinoids by tandem-MS, although not quantitatively as some cannabinoids produce small amounts of a fragment ion that is isobaric with the major fragment generated by another cannabinoid. By adding DMS to the tandem-MS workflow, it becomes possible to resolve each cannabinoid in a pure N 2 environment by deconvoluting the contribution of each cannabinoid to a specific fragmentation channel. To this end, we used DMS in conjunction with a multiple reaction monitoring workflow to assess cannabinoid levels in two cannabis extracts. Our methodology exhibited excellent accuracy, limits of detection (10−20 ppb depending on the cannabinoid), and linearity during quantitation by standard addition (R 2 > 0.99).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Argentination: A Silver Bullet for Cannabinoid Separation by Differential Mobility Spectrometry

2023

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“…These results indicate that the metabolite (peak-1) is 8-hydroxy-CBN (Fig. 3), which is a hitherto un- [9] demonstrated that 11-hydroxylation accounted for 65%-80% of the recovered metabolites of CBN formed by hepatic microsomes of mouse, rat, rabbit, gerbil, and dog.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Because aged marijuana samples particularly contain high amounts of CBN [3], the cannabinoid might be more important in pharmacological and toxicological effects of old samples. Metabolism of CBN was extensively studied in animals [4][5][6][7][8][9], and appears less complicated than that of other cannabinoids like THC and cannabidiol. The hydroxylations at the 11-position and on the pentyl side chain were found to be the only pathways for the oxidation of CBN in these animal studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

8-Hydroxycannabinol: a new metabolite of cannabinol formed by human hepatic microsomes

et al. 2006

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Metabolism of cannabinol (CBN) was studied in vitro using hepatic microsomes from human livers. The metabolites formed were analyzed by thinlayer chromatography (TLC) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. 11-Hydroxy-CBN, the major metabolite, was detected together with a smaller amount of another mono-hydroxylated metabolite. The minor metabolite was identified as 8-hydroxy-CBN, after comparing its Rf value by TLC, retention time by GC, and the mass spectrum with those of the authentic compound. 8-Hydroxy-CBN was confirmed to be a new metabolite of CBN formed by human hepatic microsomes.

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“…The differences between this study and previous studies may be the fact that the experimental animals are different (rabbits versus rats), and the metabolism of dietary cholesterol is different, hence its effects on the levels of antioxidants and the product of lipid peroxidation. A study that examined the metabolites of cannabinols found different levels of fractions in rats and rabbits [28]. Another study [29] also found difference between the two species in the metabolism of ethylene glycol.…”

Section: Hematoxylin and Eosin (A) Liver From Rabbit Fed Normal Chowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on Antioxidants and the Liver of Rabbits on High Cholesterol Diet

Abdulmalik

Oladapo

2020

IJBcRR

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Aims: To determine the effect of V. amygdalina on the levels of antioxidants and the liver of rabbits fed on a atherogenic diet. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Study lasted 14 weeks at Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: Eighteen male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups comprising control, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina. The animals were fed a normal animal chow, or a diet supplemented by 0.5% cholesterol and 1% methionine for twelve weeks. Subsequently, serum was obtained for liver function tests. Samples of the liver of the animals were obtained for antioxidant tests and histology. Results: Aspartate transaminase was significantly elevated in atherogenic diet only group compared to animals on normal diet. There was also no statistically significant difference across the three groups in the alanine transaminase values. Superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced in animals that were administered extract. Malondialdehyde was not statistically different across the three groups. The histology of the liver of the animals on high cholesterol diet (with and without extract administration) revealed similar microscopic presence of fatty infiltration of the liver. Conclusion: The use of high cholesterol diet for a duration of twelve weeks in rabbits resulted in significant increased relative liver weight, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase and hepatic microvesicular steatosis. Furthermore, the use of 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had ameliorative effect on the level of superoxide dismutase. It did not have a measurable effect on the malondialdehyde, liver enzymes and liver histology.

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In vitro metabolism of cannabinol in rat, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil and cat

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Argentination: A Silver Bullet for Cannabinoid Separation by Differential Mobility Spectrometry

Argentination: A Silver Bullet for Cannabinoid Separation by Differential Mobility Spectrometry

8-Hydroxycannabinol: a new metabolite of cannabinol formed by human hepatic microsomes

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on Antioxidants and the Liver of Rabbits on High Cholesterol Diet

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