In vitro interaction and biocompatibility of titanate nanotubes with microglial cells

Abstract

Titanate nanotubes (TiONts) are promising agents for biomedical applications. Microglial activation and associated oxidative burst are major challenges in drug delivery applications across the brain. Here, TiONts were designed for drug delivery systems by functionalizing them with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), their interactions and biocompatibility were studied in vitro using murine microglial BV-2 cells. TiONts-APTES exposure resulted in increased ROS production and transient mitochondrial hyperpolarization. However, there was no indication of microglial proliferation in BV-2 cells as suggested by cell cycle analysis and morphology evaluation. The endocytosis as well as passive diffusion mediated TiONts-APTES internalization were proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with and without amiloride, an endocytosis inhibiting agent. In addition, the TiONts-APTES exhibited good biocompatibility on microglial BV-2 cells as revealed by the plasma membrane integrity, lysosmal membrane integrity, morphology and viability analysis.

Titanate Nanotubes Engineered with Gold Nanoparticles and Docetaxel to Enhance Radiotherapy on Xenografted Prostate Tumors

“…After hydrothermal synthesis of TiONts, morphological conformity was highlighted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As expected, a coiled spiral-shaped structure and an internal cavity, as described in [41,43] and supporting information (Figure S1a) is shown. The observed dimensions are in agreement with literature on this compound, showing (10 ± 1) nm in outer diameter, (4 ± 1) nm in inner diameter, and (170 ± 50) nm in length [29][30][31][32]43].…”

“…Similarly, TiONts are widely studied [29][30][31] in a broad range of applications since their discovery in the late 1990s [32]. Recently, TiONt applications have been developed in several fields of biomedicine [29,33], such as orthopedics and dental implants [34], dopamine detection [35], DNA transfection [36] and adsorption [37], bioimaging [38,39], safe nanocarrier [36,40,41], drug delivery (genistein and docetaxel) [42][43][44], and cancer cell radiosensitization [44,45]. These TiONt applications are possible due to the atypical morphology shared with CNTs and HNTs.…”

The Use of Ultra-Small Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe3+-Doped Titanate Nanotubes

“…Further modifications of TNTs by ion doping or decorating its surface with organic molecules and nanoparticles can enhance the adsorption properties of TNTs [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. An additional advantage is that the titanate nanotubes does not contain toxic substances, as shown by recent studies [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterisation of titanate nanomaterial thin films in mixed aqueous NaOH/KOH

“…In recent years, titanate nanomaterials with different shapes, sizes, and compositions have been attracted great attention because they have a high specific surface area and remarkable physical and chemical properties [1][2][3][4][5]. These titanate nanomaterials have potential uses in industrial areas including electrodes, solar batteries, hydrogen storage, catalysis and lithium batteries [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”