In vitro inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and thonn.) taub. against multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In this study, the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera was investigated in vitro against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods. At the lowest concentration of 20 mg/ml of the ethanol extract, 100 µl produced inhibition zones that ranged between 06 and 15 ± 1.0 mm while the inhibition zones ranged between 16 ± 1.0 mm and 22 ± 1.0 mm when the isolates were tested with 100 µl of the highest concentration (100 mg/ml) of ethanol extract. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the ethanol extract were between 0.019 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml while its minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged between 0.078 and 10.0 mg/ml. Ten strains had their MICs less than 1.0 mg/ml while the remaining S. aureus strains had their MICs at concentrations ranging between 1.25 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml. The degree of antibacterial activity exhibited by the extract of T. tetraptera demonstrated that its herbal medicine could be as effective as modern medicine in treating diseases associated with the test pathogenic organism and justifying its traditional use in the treatment of bacterial infections.

Antistaphylococcal effects of alcoholic extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn.) (Taub.) against multidrug methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…The antistaphylococcal activity exhibited by the methanol extract may be attributed to the fact that more phytochemicals with higher therapeutic potentials may have been extracted by the methanol than what were extracted by the acetone. This is in agreement with the previously reported ethanol extract of T. tetraptera indicating MICs ranging between 0.0078 mg/mL and 10.0 mg/mL (Olajuyigbe & Afolayan 2018). This study is in agreement with many studies that indicated that Gram-positive bacteria are often more inhibited by plant extracts than Gram-negative bacteria (Duraipandiyan & Ayyanar 2006), that the Gram-positive multidrug and MRSA strains were susceptible to both extracts showed that the extracts were able to overcome the permeability barrier provided by the cell wall and the membrane accumulated resistance mechanisms including efflux of antibacterial agents (Kim et al 2013).…”

“…Although several studies have focused on the antibacterial activity of different plant extracts (Govindappa et al 2011;Olajuyigbe & Afolayan 2018) and acetone and methanol solvents have been referred to as junk extractor pulling out more phytoconstituents than other solvents (Eloff 1998), attention is rarely focused on the comparative analysis of their antibacterial or therapeutic potentials whilst some school of thought has indicated that these two solvents should not be used together in extraction because of the closeness in their polarity. However, this study, using a single bacterial species considered having similar intrinsic morphological and physiological features and exhibiting significant multidrug resistant patterns, has focused on comparing the antibacterial activity of the extracts of these two solvents to either justify their use as extractors or agree to the above-mentioned acclaimed reasoning.…”