In vitro immunotoxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) studied by toxicogenomics

Proteomic analysis of mouse thymoma EL4 cells treated with bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)

“…The cells underwent apoptosis at concentrations of TBTO higher than 1 M and incubation time longer than 6 hr. EL4 cells were less sensitive than reported for primary thymocytes to TBTO exposure (Baken et al, 2007).…”

“…After exposure of EL4 cells to TBTO for 6 hr, total RNA of both TBTO-treated and the control cells were isolated as described before (Baken et al, 2007) and analyzed using Agilent 44K mouse oligo arrays according to Heneweer et al (2007).…”

“…Although numerous studies have been performed on TBTO toxicity in different species as well as in vitro systems and the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity have been investigated, amongst others using DNA microarrays (Baken et al, 2006;Baken et al, 2007), details of its mechanism of toxicity still remain elusive. For instance, none of the proposed mechanisms based on indirect effects, such as metabolic disturbance, stress-induced glucocorticoid lymphocytolysis, etc., to explain the observed thymus involution has been considered satisfactory (Raffray and Cohen, 1993).…”

Gene expression changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats after oral peanut extract exposure

“…It was demonstrated that exposure to both hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (Ezendam et al, 2004) and bis(tri-nbutyltin)oxide (TBTO) (Baken et al, 2007a) affected several genes implicated in the cell cycle, and some of the genes induced by these compounds overlap with genes that were up-regulated in the food allergy model. TBTO, which is a known immunosuppressive chemical, down-regulated genes involved in cell proliferation (Baken et al, 2007a), whereas HCB, a pollutant known to stimulate the immune system, up-regulated cell cycle genes (Ezendam et al, 2004). Hence, when we compare gene expression profiles of known immunotoxic compounds with PE, it appears that a common target of immunosuppressive as well as immunostimulatory compounds is the cell cycle.…”

Exposure to cypermethrin and mancozeb alters the expression profile of THBS1, SPP1, FEZ1 and GPNMB in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

“…Several studies have successfully demonstrated expression changes and their casual relation with representative responses in identifying immunotoxicity potentials of CONTACT Rajesh Mandarapu rajeshmandarapu@yahoo.com #2/14, G.K. Flats, G2, 1st Main Road, North Sriramnagar, West Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India various agents (Zeytun et al 2002;Kinser et al 2004;Baken et al 2006Baken et al , 2007aBaken et al ,b, 2008. Similarly, gene expression profiling studies conducted in tissues/cells such as the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and peripheral blood lymphocytes also proved useful in predictive risk assessment (Bulera et al 2001;Thomas et al 2001;Waring et al 2001;Hamadeh et al 2002a,b;Steiner et al 2004).…”