In vitro<i> screening of novel treatments for </i>
Aphanomyces invadans

Campbell, R.; Lilley, J.H.; Panyawachira, V.; Kanchanakhan, Somkiat

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00551.x

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In the in-vitro trial, Campbell et al (2001) found that neem extracts as well as malachite green, ash, potassium permanganate had a strong antifungal property against A. invadans. Anon, (1994) suggested that a paste prepared from ground neem (A. indica) leaves and tumeric were effective against EUS by inhibiting the spread of infection as well as influencing the growth and survival of recovered fish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Selected Chemotherapeutic and Medicinal Plants on Fungal Fish Pathogens

2013

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Studies were conducted to examine the efficacy of selected chemotherapeutic and medicinal plants against common fungal fish pathogens. Four different doses of available fungicidal agents viz., lime + salt, brilliant green, malachite green and methylene blue were applied to the fresh culture of newly isolated fish pathogenic fungi (Aphanomyces invadans, Saprolegnia sp. and Achlya sp.) under in-vitro condition and minimum inhibitory dose (MID) was determined. Based on in-vitro results, chemotherapeutic were applied to the experimental infection of fish (Barbonymus gonionotus). Salt + lime, brilliant green and malachite green offered better results in reducing the rate of infection followed by medium effective methylene blue. Medicinal plants were selected on the basis of previous studies. Crude extracts were prepared from various parts (leaves and bulb) of neem (Azadirachta indica), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and shoti (C. zedoaria) and four different doses were applied to the fresh culture of above mentioned fungal pathogens under in-vitro condition to determine MID. Treatment trial was performed using the MID of the highly effective plant extracts (viz., tumeric, shoti, neem + tumeric and neem + shoti) on experimental infection of fish. Turmeric and neem + tumeric were found to be the most effective ones. Thus, medicinal plants would be an effective and alternative control measure along with selected chemotherapeutic against fungal diseases of fish.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Selected Chemotherapeutic and Medicinal Plants on Fungal Fish Pathogens

2013

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“…Anon (1994) found that a paste prepared from ground Neem leaf and turmeric (C. longa) was effective against EUS. Campbell et al (2001) found that Neem extracts as well as malachite green, ash, potassium permanganate had a strong anti-fungal property against A. invadans. As EUS occurred mostly due to Aphanomyces fungus in Bangladesh (Ahmed et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Herbal Extracts on Diseased Fish

Alam

Ahmed

Chowdhury

2014

Bangl. J. Vet. Med.

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An experiment was conducted for a period of 28 days to observe the effect of plant extracts on recovery of fish diseases. The experiment was carried out in mini pond (1.75 decimal) behind the Fisheries Faculty in BAU, Mymensingh. Twelve hapas (3 ×2 ×1.5 sq.ft.) and five studies were conducted with control hapa with 3 treatments and two replicates each. Four medicinal plant products were collected and prepared. In study 1 fishes were treated with Neem Seed Oil, study 2 with Kalojira Seed Oil, study 3 with Neem Leaf Extract, study 4 with Mahogoni Seed Oil and the control hapa was provided with normal feed. The treatments were practiced as 2ml, 4ml and 6ml per kg feed. At the beginning of the experiment, fishes had red spots on dorsal and caudal region, scale missing, large abrasions and black to grayish spots. In Kalojira Seed Oil (study 2) treated fish, spots and lesions were totally recovered in T2 and T3 whereas in T1 there were traces spots at the end of the experiment. However, in Neem Seed Oil and Neem Leaf fine extract treated fish (study 1 and study 3), injury, abrasions and lesions were almost healed up in T3 (6ml/kg feed) and moderate recovery in T2 and T1. In Mahogoni Seed Oil (study 4) treated fish, ulcers and lesions were reduced in size but existed distinctly in all the treatments at the end of the experiment. In control study (study 5) injury and abrasions had no recovery but remained almost similar till the end of experiment. Thus it was found that Kalojira Seed Oil performed best recovery (90-95%) followed by Neem Seed Oil (78-84%), Neem Leaf fine extract (70-75%) and poor performance was observed with Mahogoni Seed Oil extract (35-40%). So, kalojira seed oil was the best performed herb and T3 (6ml/kg feed) was the best dose followed by T1 and T2.

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“…The application of above revealed drugs has not previously reported in treating fish against EUS. Though, attempts at using ash, turmeric, neem (Azadirachta) seeds, dried banana leaves, CIFAX (an Indian propriety product), for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of the EUS infected fish have shown variable results (Campbell et al, 2001). Water quality variable monitored at the time of fish sampling were not below acceptable trigger values for aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Pond Reared Carp Fish (Cyprinids) and It's Control Measure in Chitwan, Central Nepal

Rayamajhi

Shrestha

Prasad³

2017

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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A survey on epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) was carried in carp fish (cyprinids) reared in ponds during January 2016 to January 2017 at six locations of Chitwan, Nepal. Outbreaks of EUS were observed in 39.6% of the carp during winter. EUS infection was the most for Cirrhinus mrigala (47.3% of the 170 samples) and the least for Labeo rohita (12.3% of the 65 samples). EUS infected fish weighing range between 15g-300g were characterized as extensive deep ulceration on head, dorsal and lateral part of body and at caudal peduncle region. Histopathology examination of affected tissue of skin with adjacent muscles showed mycotic granulomas indicated a positive diagnosis for EUS. Survey results indicate that poor water quality in undrained ponds, uncontrolled entry of flooded water into the pond, runoff water from adjacent paddy field and use of contaminated equipment and seine nets were found to trigger risk for EUS infection in carp pond. Impact assessment of EUS showed that average economic loss due to EUS fish disease was 2257.92 kg/ha / year (33.01%) of the expected production. The highest economic loss of 1432.14 kg/ ha/year (53.53%) was estimated for large farm and lowest loss of 950 kg/ha/year (5%) for medium size farm. The simultaneous application of Ciphalexin in feed at 80mg.kg -1 biomass of fish for 15 consecutive days and two applications of Kohrsolin-TH at 900 ml/ha (1 m pond depth water) at weekly interval was found effective to control EUS infection in carps. The combined efficacy of these two drugs was estimated to be 97.7% control of EUS infection in carp fish.

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In vitro screening of novel treatments for Aphanomyces invadans

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Efficacy of Selected Chemotherapeutic and Medicinal Plants on Fungal Fish Pathogens

Efficacy of Selected Chemotherapeutic and Medicinal Plants on Fungal Fish Pathogens

Performance of Herbal Extracts on Diseased Fish

Emergence of the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Pond Reared Carp Fish (Cyprinids) and It's Control Measure in Chitwan, Central Nepal

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