In vitro germination and micropropagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff.

Abstract

The propagation of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. is difficult as a result of long seed dormancy associated with poor seed germination. The present study was undertaken to develop a protocol to overcome seed dormancy by culture of zygotic embryo axes and then develop an efficient method for micropropagation of Givotia. Best germination frequency (78.3%) was achieved from mature zygotic embryo axes isolated from acidscarified fresh seeds when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (half-strength major salts) with 28.9 μM gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). Efficient plant conversion was achieved by transfer of 10-d-old germinated embryos to MS medium (half-strength major salts) supplemented with 1.2 μM kinetin (KN) and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). However, acid scarification of 1-yr-old seeds decreased the germination frequency of zygotic embryo axes in comparison to those obtained from non-acidscarified seeds which germinated (96.2%) and converted into plants (80.3%) on MS basal (half-strength major salts) medium. Multiple shoot bud induction was achieved by culture of shoot tips derived from in vitro germinated seedlings on MS medium with 0.5 μM thidiazuron for 4 wk, and the shoots elongated after transfer to a secondary medium with 1.2 μM KN. A maximum number of 7.8 shoots per explant with an average shoot length of 3.2 cm was achieved after two subcultures on this medium. The in vitro regenerated shoots rooted (41.5%) on half-strength MS medium with 0.5 μM IBA. The in vitro generated seedlings and micropropagated plants were established in soil with a survival frequency of 70% and 60%, respectively.

In vitro seed germination and node culture of the nutraceutical plant Grewia tenax

“…Moreover, 0 and ½ MS media produced the higher seed germination percentage of Moringa oleifera, compared to full MS medium (Lédo et al 2008). Likewise, Samuel et al (2009) showed that reduction of MS salts to half-strength is sufficient to improve the germination percentage of Givotia rottleriformis, compared to quarterand full-strength. Germination of seeds in media lacking nutritional salts and sucrose might occur because embryos were autotrophic and eliminate the supplemental energy source (Martendal et al 2013).…”

“…Germination frequency of Prunus armeniaca seeds reached 100% when cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 BA (Nathiya et al 2013). Samuel et al (2009) suggested that supplementing the medium with Kin is essential to achieve efficient plant conversion from embryo of Givotia rottleriformis. Seeds of Prunus armeniaca produced the highest mean shoot length in MS medium supplemented with BA (Nathiya et al 2013).…”

Micropropagation and conservation strategies of the potentially medicinal and economically-important tropical deciduous tree - Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurursawa

“…Under natural conditions, the transit of seeds through intestines of wild animals and birds breaks the tegument dormancy and favors the imbibitions phenomenon, resulting in the rapid and homogeneous germination of seeds (Ishii and Kambou, 2007). However, in vitro seed germination can be favored by various treatments like acid treatment (Samuel et al, 2009;Sambe et al, 2010), cold and hot water treatment (Thokozani et al, 2011), hormonal treatment (Maridass and Thangavel, 2008), breaking the hard seed coat etc.…”

“…However, conversely to the present findings, Pickens et al (2003) found that there was no effect of sucrose on seed germination or seedling growth in Tillandsia eizii. Supplying of phytohormones to the medium favors in vitro seed germination (Miller et al, 1992;Maridass and Thangavel, 2008;Samuel et al, 2009). Addition of GA 3 and activated charcoal to the medium enhanced the seed germination and favored the production of healthy seedlings in D. roxburghii.…”

In vitro culture of zygotic embryos of Butia eriospatha

“…However, the role of GA 3 in the promotion of germination cannot be excluded, since a higher concentration of endogenous GA 3 was observed in seeds that were ready to germinate than in those that were not ready to germinate (CHEN; CHIEN, 2008). In Givotia rottleriformis Griff., a commercially valuable tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, the highest germination frequency (78.3%) was achieved from mature zygotic embryo axes isolated from acid-scarified fresh seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium (half-strength major salts) with 28.9 μM GA 3 (SAMUEL et al, 2009). …”