In Vitro functional characterization of feline IgGs

Strietzel, Catherine; Bergeron, Lisa M.; Oliphant, Theodore; Mutchler, Veronica T.; Choromanski, Leszek; Bainbridge, G.R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.01.012

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The dog has four IgG subclasses which are functionally equivalent to those of man [ 32 , 33 ]. In contrast, only three IgG subclasses are recognized in the cat [ 34 ]. Both species have IgM and IgE antibodies, although IgD has only been identified formally in the dog [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs?

Day

2016

Parasites Vectors

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It is widely recognized that cats appear to be less frequently affected by arthropod-borne infectious diseases than dogs and share fewer zoonotic pathogens with man. This impression is supported by the relative lack of scientific publications related to feline vector-borne infections. This review explores the possible reasons for the difference between the two most common small companion animal species, including the hypothesis that cats might have a genetically-determined immunological resistance to arthropod vectors or the microparasites they transmit. A number of simple possibilities might account for the lower prevalence of these diseases in cats, including factors related to the lifestyle and behaviour of the cat, lesser spend on preventative healthcare for cats and reduced opportunities for research funding for these animals. The dog and cat have substantially similar immune system components, but differences in immune function might in part account for the markedly distinct prevalence and clinicopathological appearance of autoimmune, allergic, idiopathic inflammatory, immunodeficiency, neoplastic and infectious diseases in the two species. Cats have greater genetic diversity than dogs with much lower linkage disequilibrium in feline compared with canine breed groups. Immune function is intrinsically related to the nature of the intestinal microbiome and subtle differences between the canine and feline microbial populations might also impact on immune function and disease resistance. The reasons for the apparent lesser susceptibility of cats to arthropod-borne infectious diseases are likely to be complex, but warrant further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs?

Day

2016

Parasites Vectors

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“…23,24 As with other mammals, the feline immune system shares major immunoglobulin types, including IgG, IgG-Fc receptors including the high-affinity FcR, and the neonatal FcRn, which potentiates IgG half-life in vivo. [25][26][27] Felinized anti-NGF mAb NV-02, like the caninized mAb NV-01 previously described, retains the high affinity of its parent mAb aD11 ( Fig 3B) and has similar ability to neutralize NGF in vitro ( Fig 3A), suggesting that NV-02 retains the structural integrity of the parent mAb. Because the concentration of antibody required to neutralize a given amount of NGF is decreased with increased affinity and potency, the results with NV-02 are predictive of low dosage for in vivo efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nerve growth factor and its receptor trkA are expressed in similar tissues in cats and humans, appear to be under similar control mechanisms, and have similar functions . As with other mammals, the feline immune system shares major immunoglobulin types, including IgG, IgG‐Fc receptors including the high‐affinity FcR, and the neonatal FcRn, which potentiates IgG half‐life in vivo …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Fully Felinized Therapeutic Anti‐Nerve Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Pain in Cats

Gearing

Huebner²,

Virtue

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLimited options are available for the treatment of pain in cats. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize nerve growth factor (NGF) have demonstrated analgesic capacity in rodent models, people with osteoarthritis, and dogs with degenerative joint disease.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis study describes the design and characterization of a fully felinized anti‐NGF monoclonal antibody. In vitro potency, pharmacokinetics, and the ability of the antibody to treat pain in a self‐resolving, acute inflammation model were investigated in cats.AnimalsThirty‐eight cats at a research colony at Charles River Laboratories, Ireland.MethodsFelinized anti‐NGF mAb, NV‐02, was produced using a complementary DNA (cDNA)‐based method (PETization). Purified NV‐02 was tested for affinity, potency, and immunoreactivity in vitro, then for safety and plasma pharmacokinetic distribution in vivo, and analgesic efficacy in a model of kaolin‐induced inflammatory pain.ResultsAnti‐NGF mAb, NV‐02 neutralized NGF with high affinity and potency and did not bind complement. NV‐02‐administered SC had a plasma half‐life of 7–15 days and was well tolerated at dosages up to 28 mg/kg. A dosage of 2 mg/kg NV‐02 SC significantly decreased signs of lameness on day 2 (P = .0027), day 3 (P = .016), day 4, (P = .0063), day 5 (P = .0085), day 6 (P = .0014), and day 7 (P = .0034) after induction of inflammation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe high affinity, long plasma half‐life, safety, and analgesic efficacy of felinized anti‐NGF mAb (NV‐02) support further investigation of the analgesic potential of this antibody in the cat.

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“…Ferret immunoglobulin subclass and Fc receptors are not well studied. Currently, only one IgG subclass that has been identified in ferrets, while four different IgG subclasses have been identified in other carnivores such as dogs and minks and three in felines, suggesting other unidentified ferret IgG subclasses may exist. The diversity and function of ferret Fc receptors are also unknown.…”

Section: Key Knowledge Gaps To Address In Order To Improve the Immunomentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease

Wong

Layton

Wheatley

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2019;13:535-546. | 535 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/irv 1 | INTRODUC TI ON Animal models have proved critical in developing concepts of immunity to infection. Non-human primates (NHP) are a highly humanrelevant disease model for infectious agents due to high genetic conservation between humans and NHP. 1-3 However, significant cost and ethical issues often necessitate the use of smaller animal models for both basic and translational research. Mice (Mus musculus) are a favoured small animal model due to widespread availability, incisive transgenic models, comprehensive genomic information 4 and readily available reagents. However, for many viruses, alternative animal models better recapitulate human physiology and disease. Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) have been employed to study the pathogenesis of a variety of human pathogens, including human and avian influenzas, coronaviruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), 5-14 human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), 15-20 human metapneumovirus (HMPV), 21 Ebola virus 22-28 and henipavirus (Nipah virus and Hendra virus). 29-34 While ferretscan be productively infected with many of these viruses, a lack of some tools to interrogate ferret immunological responses to infection limits insights that might impact the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics. Here, we review recent insights gained from ferret models of human respiratory diseases, with a major focus on influenza, and highlight several knowledge gaps whose closure will greatly enhance the informational gain from ferret models to advance development of human vaccines and therapeutics. AbstractFerrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies. K E Y W O R D S ferret, immunology, influenza How to cite this article: Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2019;13:535-546. https ://doi.

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In Vitro functional characterization of feline IgGs

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs?

Cats are not small dogs: is there an immunological explanation for why cats are less affected by arthropod-borne disease than dogs?

In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Fully Felinized Therapeutic Anti‐Nerve Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of Pain in Cats

Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease

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