In vitro fertilization: the degree of endometrial insufficiency varies with the type of ovarian stimulation

Endometrial Receptivity and Scoring for Prediction of Implantation and Newer Markers

“…These color Doppler findings in unsuccessful cycles may relate to the histologic findings described by Sterzik et al 28 In their study of 58 IVF patients a majority demonstrated an immature endometrium at the time of embryo transfer. The abnormalities included a variety of patterns, all indicating a lack of secretory transformation, suggesting unpreparedness for implantation.…”

“…Sterzik et al 28 examined the ovarian and uterine arteries on the day of follicle aspiration. The conclusion at which they arrived was that in patients who became pregnant after embryo transfer, the RI of the uterine arteries was significantly lower than those who did not get pregnant.…”

Low Dose of Ethinyl Estradiol Can Reverse the Antiestrogenic Effects of Clomiphene Citrate on Endometrium

“…This discrepancy has been attributed to a negative action of CC, in the form of antiestrogenic effects on endometrial receptivity [9]. Actually, histological studies have shown the estrogen-antiagonist effect of CC on the endometrium [22][23][24][25]. Ideally, glandular and stromal com-partments of the endometrium should be synchronous in their development and maturity; the importance of synchronizing endometrium has been demonstrated in various animal models where pregnancy rates can only be maintained if embryo transfer occurs within a 72-hour window during the early luteal phase (days [16][17][18][19] [26].…”

Dysregulation of methylation and expression of imprinted genes in oocytes and reproductive tissues in mice of advanced maternal age

“…The uterine environment is essential for embryo implantation and development of the fetus; alterations in transcript abundance in aged females may indicate a decreased ability of the uterus to support implantation and/or the needs of the developing fetus, further compounding the decreased ability of aged mice to produce offspring. Changes in uterine gene expression may indicate inadequacy of the endometrium, including decreased uterine receptivity [12,45], delayed secretory maturation of the endometrium [46], and uterine fibroids [47], which have been observed in aged women. The uterine tissue used in the current study was not dissected to separate the endometrium, myometrium or perimetrium; therefore, we cannot conclude that the effects of maternal age are solely due to alterations in the endometrium.…”