In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Culture

History of plant tissue culture

“…The technique of controlled in vitro pollination on the stigma, placenta, or ovule has been used for the production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids, overcoming sexual self-incompatibility, and the induction of haploid plants [110]. Embryo, ovary, and ovule cultures have been used in overcoming embryo inviability, monoploid production in barley and in overcoming seed dormancy and related problems [111,112].…”

In vitro Methods for the Control of Fertilization and Embryo Development

“…These have been reviewed in earlier publications (Raghavan, 1976(Raghavan, , 1977bYeung et al, 1981;Williams et al, 1987). These include breakage of seed dormancy to shorten breeding cycles, production of monoploids, testing for seed viability, study of host-pathogen interactions, overcoming self-sterility and germination of s~eds of parasitic plants.…”

“…Excellent and detailed protocols for in vitro fertilization and embryo culture are given by Yeung et al (1981). This has in part been due to the ease of handling the reproductive organs of the flower in aseptic culture and the introduction of methods to secure pollen germination and embryo growth under defined conditions.…”

In Vitro Breeding Techniques

“…Embryo culture can shorten the breeding cycle by overcoming dormancy in seeds. Dormancy may be caused by endogenous inhibitors, light requirements, low temperatures, dry storage requirements, and embryo immaturity (Yeung et al, 1981). Seed dormancy factors may be localized in the seedcoat, the endosperm, or both.…”