In vitro fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides from corn cobs autohydrolysis by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains

Moura, Patrícia; Barata, Rosário; Carvalheiro, Florbela; Gı́rio, Francisco M.; Loureiro-Dias, Maria C.; Esteves, M. Paula

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2006.07.013

Cited by 179 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These XOS were responsible for higher growth of Bifi dobacterium strains (B. adolescentis and B. longum) than the culture with the medium formulated with XOS with higher DP and containing only 24-41 % of xylobiose and xylotriose. Furthermore, XOS with DP=5-6 reduced the degree of consumption of these oligosaccharides by the bacteria (41). Therefore, the quality of the produced XOS is important when considering the prebiotic eff ect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Carvalho

Neto

Almeida

et al. 2015

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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Currently, lignocellulosic waste is a topic of global studies, given that fossil fuel reserves are diminishing, the new agricultural frontiers are limited and the demand for food and biofuels is increasing by the growing world population (1). For these reasons, technology must advance to improve the use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues to obtain food and biofuel.Xylans present in lignocellulosic materials have been studied for obtaining xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from waste materials such as corncobs, rice hulls, olive pits, barley straw (2), tobacco stalk, cott on stalk, sunfl ower stalk, wheat straw (3) and sugarcane bagasse (4-6). Sugarcane bagasse is inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of XOS especially in the countries that produce ethanol and sugar from sugarcane. However, more research is necessary to improve the use of this residue. SummarySugarcane bagasse is an important lignocellulosic material studied for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Some XOS are considered soluble dietary fi bre, with low caloric value and prebiotic eff ect, but they are expensive and not easily available. In a screening of 138 fungi, only nine were shortlisted, and just Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35.6 U/mL) and A. fumigatus U2370 (28.5 U/mL) were selected as the most signifi cant producers of xylanases. These fungi had low β-xylosidase activity, which is desirable for the production of XOS. The xylanases from Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768, A. fumigatus M51 and A. fumigatus U2370 gave a signifi cantly higher XOS yield, 11.9, 14.7 and 7.9 % respectively, in a 3-hour reaction with hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. These enzymes are relatively thermostable at 40-50 °C and can be used in a wide range of pH values. Furthermore, these xylanases produced more prebiotic XOS (xylobiose and xylotriose) when compared with a commercial xylanase. The xylanases from A. fumigatus M51 reached a high level of XOS production (37.6 %) in 48-72 h using hemicellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. This yield represents 68.8 kg of prebiotic XOS per metric tonne of cane bagasse. In addition, in a biorefi nery, aft er hemicellulose extraction for XOS production, the residual cellulose could be used for the production of second-generation ethanol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Carvalho

Neto

Almeida

et al. 2015

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…The in vitro fermentation study was conducted using a nutrient-poor medium described by Moura et al (38) PO 4 , filter sterilized) containing a mixture of SCFAs (final concentrations: acetate, 31 mM; propionate, 9 mM; isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate, 1 mM each) were added. A 5% stock solution of XOS35, maltodextrin, and XOS95 was prepared in the nutrient-poor medium, filter sterilized (0.2 m), and diluted in the nutrientpoor medium to a final concentration of 0.5% (vol/vol).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

Maesschalck

Eeckhaut

Maertens³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

183

133

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hIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and Clostridium cluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level, Lactobacillus crispatus and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between L. crispatus and A. butyraticus. Lactate, produced by L. crispatus during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function. Cereal fibers are composed of carbohydrate polymers that are resistant to digestion in the small intestines of monogastric animals but are completely or partially fermented in the distal gut, and they are believed to stimulate gut health (1). The main components of the cereal fiber fraction are arabinoxylans (AX), pectins, resistant starch, cellulose, ␤-glucans, and lignin (2). Hydrolytic degradation of the heteropolymer AX results in a mixture of arabinose-substituted xylo-oligosaccharides (arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides) (AXOS) and nonsubstituted xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (3). XOS are oligomers consisting of xylose units linked through ␤-(1-4) linkages (4). Selective fermentation of XOS has been shown to induce changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, improving the health and well-being of the host. This suggests that XOS could fulfill the definition of a prebiotic (5). The production of lactate and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate, upon fermentation of XOS, has been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo studies (3, 6). Lactate can stimulate butyrate production due to crossfeeding between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria from Clostridium cluster XIVa (7). Butyrate has proven beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function, since it has anti-inflammatory properties, fuels epithelial cells, and increases the intestinal epithelial integrity. In addition, butyrate has been shown to improve growth pe...

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“…Através da ação de xilanases, xilo-oligossacarídeos podem ser obtidos a partir de espigas de milho (MOURA et al, 2007). Subprodutos da agroindústria, tais como derivados da mandioca e da cana, também tem sido utilizados para este fim (RAUPP et al, 2002).…”

Section: Obtenção De Oligossacarídeos Por Métodos Enzimáticosunclassified

Produção, propriedades e aplicações de oligossacarídeos

et al. 2011

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ResumoOs oligossacarídeos participam da constituição da fibra alimentar e são principalmente utilizados como prebióticos. Esta revisão apresenta as vias de obtenção destes açúcares, os quais podem ser produzidos por síntese (química ou enzimática) ou da despolimerização de polissacarídeos (física, química ou enzimática), como descrito na presente revisão. Os oligossacarídeos vêm sendo utilizados comercialmente como ingredientes de cosméticos, medicamentos, produtos agrícolas e principalmente na indústria alimentícia. O potencial de aplicações dos oligossacarídeos nessas áreas nas mais diversas áreas tais como alimentos, rações animais, fármacos e cosméticos tem contribuído para o aumento das investigações científicas. O uso de oligossacarídeos como agentes imunomoduladores e modificadores de respostas biológicas foi recentemente descrito, assim como seus efeitos como compostos antiinflamatórios e hipocolesterolêmicos. Uma visão geral sobre as diversas funções nutracêuticas e biológicas destes oligômeros de carboidratos visando benefícios para a saúde humana também foi reportada. Palavras-chave: Oligossacarídeos. Fibras da dieta. Saúde humana. AbstractOligosaccharides participate in the formation of dietary fiber and are mainly used as prebiotic agents. This review presents ways of obtaining these sugars, which can be produced by synthesis (chemical or enzymatic), or through depolymerization of polysaccharides (physical, chemical or enzymatic). Oligosaccharides have also been used commercially as an ingredient in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agricultural products and especially in the food industry because of their physical properties. The potential applications of oligosaccharides in several areas such as food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics have contributed to the increase in scientific research on these carbohydrates. The use of oligosaccharides as immuno-modulatory agents and biological response modifiers has been recently described, and their effects as anti-inflammatory and in reducing cholesterol. An overview of the various nutraceutical and biological functions of these carbohydrates in order to benefit human health is also reported.

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In vitro fermentation of xylo-oligosaccharides from corn cobs autohydrolysis by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains

Cited by 179 publications

References 30 publications

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

Produção, propriedades e aplicações de oligossacarídeos

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