In Vitro Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Proinflammatory Molecules Induced by Ergosta- 7,22-Dien-3-One Isolated from a Wild Mexican Strain of Ganoderma oerstedii (Agaricomycetes)

Abstract

Compounds showing pharmacological activity on the immune system are of interest because of their therapeutic potential in the treatment of many diseases. However, data from primary human immune cells and in vivo studies are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability to induce the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory molecules on cells involved in the immune system using the compound ergosta-7,22-dien-3- one, isolated from a wild Mexican strain of Ganoderma oerstedii. According to our study, ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one did not present any cytotoxic effect on HeLa or J774A.1 cells, and it was able to stimulate nitric oxide production, induce the expression of genes, and induce the production of TLRs, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules in J774A.1 cells, based on reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Here we report a new pro-inflammatory property of ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one, which should be considered as a possible adjuvant property in view of its biological activity.

Ganoderma adspersum (Ganodermataceae): Investigation of Its Secondary Metabolites and the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Potential of Its Extracts

“…Ergosterols form the basic membrane lipids of fungi [ 36 , 37 ]. Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol ( 4 ) is commonly known as ergosterol and has been isolated from many Ganoderma spp., such as G. lucidum [ 64 ], G. colossum [ 65 ], G. lipsiense, G. applanatum , G. australe , and G. fornicatum [ 66 ]. According to a recent study, ergosterol showed possible inhibitory effects against MDA-MB-231 (epithelial human breast cancer cells), HepG2 (human hepatoma cells), and HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), indicating that it has antitumor and anti-angiogenesis properties.…”

“…Ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol ( 3 ) is also isolated from many Ganoderma spp., such as G. lucidum , G. amboinense , G. carnosum , G. tsugae , G. applanatum , G. neo-japonicum , G. lipsiense, G. australe , G. annulare , G. pfeifferi , and G. lucidum [ 66]. Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one ( 2 ) is also a very abundant compound in the genus Ganoderma and has been reported in G. australe , G. lucidum , G. applanatum , G. neo-japonicum , G. lipsiense, G. concinna [ 16 ], G. oerstedii [ 66 ], and G. concinnum [ 67 ].…”

From Past to Present: Biotechnology in Mexico Using Algae and Fungi

“…This compound exerts manifold effects on the immune system, for example, inducing the production of toll-like receptors (which recognize molecular moieties associated with various pathogens), and immune system modulators, such as cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and cellular adhesion molecules. Cytotoxic effects could not be detected on HeLa or J774A.1 (type of macrophage) cells [82]. The compound ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one could therefore have relevant pharmacological applications.…”

“…Mexican fungi have been used for the isolation of compounds that have pharmacological action on the human immune system. One example is the tree parasite G. oerstedii, which produces ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one [82]. This compound exerts manifold effects on the immune system, for example, inducing the production of toll-like receptors (which recognize molecular moieties associated with various pathogens), and immune system modulators, such as cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and cellular adhesion molecules.…”

Micoquímica en México: Breve reseña histórica

“…Ambos estudios tenían como finalidad explorar algunos de los mecanismos que explicarían el efecto antiproliferativo reportado para este grupo de compuestos (Vidal-Limón et al, 2017). Ramos-Ligonio et al (2017) evaluaron el efecto proinflamatorio de la ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ona aislada a partir de los cuerpos fructíferos de G. oerstedii. Islas-Santillán et al (2017b) reportan el aislamiento de los esteroles previamente conocidos ergosterol, estelasterol, peróxido de ergosterol y 5α-ergosta-7,22dien-3-ona, a partir de los basidiocarpos de G. curtisii y G. applanatum.…”