In Vitro Experimental Assessment of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves as an α-Amylase and α-Lipase Inhibitor

Abstract

Background and Objectives. Moringa oleifera has been scientifically reported to have effects on diabetes and obesity. An explanatory mechanism on how the plant exerts its enzyme inhibitory activities are yet to be detailed. This study was aimed at carrying out an in vitro assessment of ethanolic extracts (AEEs) of M. oleifera leaves for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. Methods. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, α-amylase, and α-lipase inhibitory assessment were carried out on Moringa oleifera extract. Results. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid contents of values 0.070 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 0.180 ± 0.020 mg rutin equivalent/g, 0.042 ± 0.001 mg tannic equivalent/g, and 12.17 ± 0.001%, respectively, while the total protein analysis was 0.475 ± 0.001 mg bovine serum albumin equivalent/g. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were 0.534 ± 0.001 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 0.022 ± 0.00008 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively. Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and nitric oxide (NO) assays showed the extract to have a strong free radical scavenging activity. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the lipase and amylase activities of the extract are 1.0877 mg/mL and 0.1802 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. However, α-lipase and α-amylase inhibiting activity of M. oleifera could be related to the phytochemicals in the extract. This research validates the ethnobotanical use of M. oleifera leaves as an effective plant-based therapeutic agent for diabetes and obesity.

Aqueous Extract of Leaves and Flowers of Acmella caulirhiza Reduces the Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Underexpressing Some Genes and Activating Caspase-3

“…Te presence of cleaved caspase-3 after treatment of YUMM 1.7 cells with the extract confrmed its capacity to induce apoptosis. Studies of other antiproliferative pathways of this extract can reinforce the knowledge of the aqueous extract of Acmella caulirhiza as a potential candidate for cancer treatment [51].…”

A Review of Mechanism of Action of Moringa oleifera as an Inhibitor of Adipogenesis in Obesity

“…MO inhibits adipogenesis via the JAK/STAT pathway by decreasing gene expression and leptin secretion. This has been proven in several in vitro and in vivo studies which explain that several ingredients in MO such as astragalin (18), rutin, quercetin (19)(20)(21)(22), as well as MO oil extract (8) and MO ethanol extract (22,32,33) cause a decrease in leptin levels. This decrease in leptin levels is expected to be able to control food intake in conditions of obesity.…”

“…The rutin and quercetin content in MO (19)(20)(21)(22) and the ethanol extract of MO (22,32,33) have been proven to be able to increase GLUT-4 protein expression, thus playing a role in increasing insulin sensitivity in obesity conditions. MO oil extract and MO ethanol extract are known to reduce leptin levels and also increase BMP7 protein levels which also play a role in inhibiting appetite (8,22,32,33).…”

“…The rutin and quercetin content in MO (19)(20)(21)(22) and the ethanol extract of MO (22,32,33) have been proven to be able to increase GLUT-4 protein expression, thus playing a role in increasing insulin sensitivity in obesity conditions. MO oil extract and MO ethanol extract are known to reduce leptin levels and also increase BMP7 protein levels which also play a role in inhibiting appetite (8,22,32,33). In addition, the isothiocyanate (34,35) and polysaccharide (23) content of MO, MO water extract (28), and a combination of MO, Murayya koeingii, and Curcuma longa extracts (21) are known to be able to reduce the expression of the SREBP-1c gene so that it plays a role in reducing fatty acid synthesis, reducing glucose absorption, reducing protein synthesis, and increasing lipolysis.…”

Effect of Moringa oleifera, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Microbiota in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…A combination of protease, lipase, and amylase is required for fish digestion. In an vitro experimental assessment, the extract of M. oleifera was reported to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and lipase [43]. Low levels of digestive enzyme activity cannot stimulate the hydrolysis of diets, which may make it difficult to absorb the nutrients in the feed.…”