In-vitro experimental analysis and numerical study of temperature in bone drilling

Alam, Khurshid; Khan, Mushtaq; Muhammad, Riaz; Qamar, Sayyad Zahid; Silberschmidt, Vadim V.

doi:10.3233/thc-151035

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When rotational speed is increased from 3,000 to 5,000 rpm, the ΔT increases from 3.33 to 3.69°C. This occurs because higher rotational speed leads to more friction and shear forces (Alam et al , 2015b). Furthermore, it is believed that temperature increases with speed as cutting energy is converted into heat (Lee et al , 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigations of rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding using Grey-Taguchi optimization methodology

Babbar

Jain

Gupta

2020

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PurposeIn present research work, the effects of rotational speed, feed rate and vibration amplitude have been investigated during novel method of ultrasonic-assisted bone grinding. During dissection of tumors, firstly a bone flap is removed near the target region to create passage for grinding burr. During abrasion, heat is produced, which sometimes increases the temperature to unsafe levels. So, efforts have been made to limit the temperature below the threshold levels of osteonecrosis during bone grinding.Design/methodology/approachThe temperature produced during osteotomy has been measured using infrared thermography camera during the implementation of L18 Taguchi orthogonal array design. Subsequently, main effect plots and contour plots have been presented to analyze and visualize the effect of grinding parameters on temperature rise during bone grinding. Furthermore, the process parameters have been optimized for optimum results for response characteristics using Taguchi SN ratio-based optimization methodology. For multiobjective optimization, the process parameters are further optimized using grey relational analysis.FindingsIt is revealed that all three process parameters substantially affect the response characteristics. The proposed optimization methodology is successfully applied on the experimental findings and the optimum results for change in temperature are found to be rotational speed = 3,000 rpm, feed rate = 20 mm/min, amplitude = 10 µm and for standard deviation are 5,000 rpm, 60 mm/min, 10 µm.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research findings cannot be generalized, and researchers are encouraged to further investigate the proposed rotary ultrasonic-assisted bone grinding at higher rotational speed up to 60k rpm on the skull bone.Originality/valueThe research on osteotomy is still at its initial phase, and continuous research is carried out for making patients’ life comfortable. In this direction, the authors have proposed a novel osteotomy method to limit the temperature below the threshold limit of osteonecrosis. The outcomes of the present study will be beneficial for the neurosurgeons working in this field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigations of rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding using Grey-Taguchi optimization methodology

Babbar

Jain

Gupta

2020

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“…As a by-product of the drilling process, the possibility of thermal osteonecrosis is a concern when applying subchondral drilling during either open arthrotomy or dry arthroscopy ( Alam et al, 2015 ). Farhan-Alanie and Hall showed temperature changes and chondrocyte death during drilling in a bovine metatarsophageal joint and demonstrated that application of a modified irrigation solution enabled chondroprotection ( Farhan-Alanie and Hall, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral drilling for articular cartilage repair: a systematic review of translational research

Gao

Goebel

Orth

et al. 2018

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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Articular cartilage defects may initiate osteoarthritis. Subchondral drilling, a widely applied clinical technique to treat small cartilage defects, does not yield cartilage regeneration. Various translational studies aiming to improve the outcome of drilling have been performed; however, a robust systematic analysis of its translational evidence was still lacking. Here, we performed a systematic review of the outcome of subchondral drilling for knee cartilage repair in translational animal models. A total of 12 relevant publications studying 198 animals was identified, detailed study characteristics were extracted, and methodological quality and risk of bias were analyzed. Subchondral drilling led to improved repair outcome compared with defects that were untreated or treated with abrasion arthroplasty for cartilage repair in multiple translational models. Within the 12 studies, considerable subchondral bone changes were observed, including subchondral bone cysts and intralesional osteophytes. Furthermore, extensive alterations of the subchondral bone microarchitecture appeared in a temporal pattern in small and large animal models, together with specific topographic aspects of repair. Moreover, variable technical aspects directly affected the outcomes of osteochondral repair. The data from this systematic review indicate that subchondral drilling yields improved short-term structural articular cartilage repair compared with spontaneous repair in multiple small and large animal models. These results have important implications for future investigations aimed at an enhanced translation into clinical settings for the treatment of cartilage defects, highlighting the importance of considering specific aspects of modifiable variables such as improvements in the design and reporting of preclinical studies, together with the need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of cartilage repair following subchondral drilling.

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“…The trend of the response variable for different levels of the process parameters has been explained in the following manner. As the rotational speed increases from 3000 RPM to 5000 RPM, the change in temperature increases which may be due to the increase in frictional and shear forces [23,35]. Furthermore, the temperature is expected to increase with rotational speed owing to the conversion of cutting energy into the heat [36].…”

Section: Adequacy and Precision Of The Developed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogenesis mitigation using ultrasonic actuation during bone grinding: a hybrid approach using CEM43°C and Arrhenius model

Babbar

Jain

Gupta

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Bone grinding has cemented its applications in the various sorts of the neurosurgeries. Generally, a rotating burr is used to remove a part of the bone to expose the tumors present underneath the bone. The abrasion caused by the grinding wheel causes a rise in temperature owing to the generation of the heat during grinding and would have severe consequences with the initiation of thermogenesis. To bridge this gap, an in-house experimental setup was developed to perform multi-pass rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding. Three functional characteristics, namely rotational speed, feed rate, and amplitude, have been investigated using Taguchi L18 orthogonal array design. The regression equations have been obtained and validated with confirmation experiments using a random set of machining parameters. Further, machining parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm and confirmatory trials are performed using optimized conditions. The results of statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed that the feed rate is the most significant parameter influencing the change in temperature during osteotomy. Nevertheless, the standard deviation was most affected by rotational speed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis has been carried out for conventional and rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical grinding. A hybrid approach using cumulative equivalent minutes (CEM43°C) and Arrhenius model has been used to predict the thermal damage caused to the human body's tissues during bone grinding. The results obtained have been experimentally validated, and outcomes revealed that ultrasonically actuated grinding burr may prevent osteonecrosis and neural damage duly supported with infrared thermograms and graphical plots. Keywords Bone grinding • Ultrasonic • Genetic algorithm • Infrared thermography • CEM43°C • Arrhenius equations List of symbols Ω Tissue damage function A Pre-exponential factor (s −1) E a Arrhenius activation energy (J/mol) τ Time (s) R Universal gas constant (J/mol k) K Rate constant T Actual exposure temperature (°C) T break Breaking point temperature CEM43°C Cumulative number of equivalent minutes at 43 °C F Feed rate (mm/min) A Amplitude (µm) D Depth of cut (mm) ∆T Change in temperature (°C) σ Standard deviation CG Conventional grinding RUNG Rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical grinding

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In-vitro experimental analysis and numerical study of temperature in bone drilling

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Preliminary investigations of rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding using Grey-Taguchi optimization methodology

Preliminary investigations of rotary ultrasonic neurosurgical bone grinding using Grey-Taguchi optimization methodology

Subchondral drilling for articular cartilage repair: a systematic review of translational research

Thermogenesis mitigation using ultrasonic actuation during bone grinding: a hybrid approach using CEM43°C and Arrhenius model

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