In Vitro Evidence of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Effects of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid-Diacylglycerols

Abstract

Dietary approaches using structured lipids, including medium-chain fatty acids and diacylglycerols, have been adopted for the prevention of obesity-induced chronic inflammation. In an extension to previous studies, medium-chain fatty acid-diacylglycerol enriched dietary oil (MCDG) was prepared by interesterification of canola oil and mediumchain fatty acid-triacylglycerols. The consequent MCDG product was applied to RAW264.7 macrophages followed by the assessment of multiple inflammatory responses. Compared with conventionally used canola and olive oil controls, MCDG suppressed macrophage phagocytosis, as assessed by the uptake of microsphere beads. Furthermore, the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, transcription of COX-2 and iNOS, and expression of CD80 on cell surfaces were downregulated by MCDG in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Subsequently, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokine production and lipid accumulation. IL-6 production was marginally affected and lipid accumulation was inhibited by MCDG. Taken together, these results suggest that MCDG has potential as an alternative oil for cooking in order to prevent obesity-induced inflammation.

Antibiotic-Antiapoptotic Dual Function of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaf Extracts against Bovine Mastitis

“…Only a few studies have reported the biological activities of the compounds identified as potential bioactive compounds in this study, and most of them were related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Yu and colleagues demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity of glyceryl 1,3-disterate (C 39 H 76 O 5 ) containing medium-chain fatty acid-diacylglycerols (MCDGs) [ 21 ]. Interestingly, the treatment of MCDG could potentially reduce the inflammation response in LPS-stimulated macrophage by downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory cytokines—interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) [ 21 ].…”

“…Yu and colleagues demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity of glyceryl 1,3-disterate (C 39 H 76 O 5 ) containing medium-chain fatty acid-diacylglycerols (MCDGs) [ 21 ]. Interestingly, the treatment of MCDG could potentially reduce the inflammation response in LPS-stimulated macrophage by downregulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory cytokines—interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) [ 21 ]. The inflammation response, particularly the increase of TNF alpha, is able to manipulate caspase activation, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) product that ultimately causes cell apoptosis [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Puffing as a Novel Process to Enhance the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric)

“…Therefore, inflammation itself is an essentially physiological component of the host defense, yet uncontrolled responses, termed chronic inflammation, are detrimental. Chronic inflammation can cause rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, various cancers, and type I diabetes [17,18,19], and macrophages are key players in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation [20,21]. Therefore, many studies have attempted to regulate inflammatory responses in macrophages using various herbal extracts to prevent and/or ameliorate chronic inflammation.…”

Effects of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol from peanut oil and coconut oil on lipid metabolism in mice

“…Diacylglycerols (DAG) showed stronger inhibitory ability to the lipid accumulation than TAG, which might be due to its metabolic characteristics and chemical structure (Lo, Tan, Long, Yusoff, & Lai, 2008; Yu et al., 2017). In the process of dietary TAG metabolism, TAG is typically hydrolyzed to the form of 1,2‐DAG or 2,3‐DAG as an intermediate, and further hydrolyzed to 2‐monoacylglycerols (MAG) in the intestinal lumen, which is then re‐esterified with fatty acids to enter the lymphatic system in the form of chylomicrons (Lo et al., 2008; Yanai et al., 2007).…”

“…Human clinical studies have shown that DAG‐rich oils can be used as dietary therapy oils in obesity management. Compared with other oils, DAG‐rich oils in the diet might prevent weight and fat deposition, and can also be used as an initial dietary therapy for postprandial hypertriglyceridemia with hypertension (Ai et al., 2007; Saito et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2017).…”