In Vitro Evaluation of Polihexanide, Octenidine and NaClO/HClO-Based Antiseptics against Biofilm Formed by Wound Pathogens

Abstract

Chronic wounds complicated with biofilm formed by pathogens remain one of the most significant challenges of contemporary medicine. The application of topical antiseptic solutions against wound biofilm has been gaining increasing interest among clinical practitioners and scientific researchers. This paper compares the activity of polyhexanide-, octenidine- and hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid-based antiseptics against biofilm formed by clinical strains of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The analyses included both standard techniques utilizing polystyrene plates and self-designed biocellulose-based models in which a biofilm formed by pathogens was formed on an elastic, fibrinous surface covered with a fibroblast layer. The obtained results show high antibiofilm activity of polihexanide- and octenidine-based antiseptics and lack or weak antibiofilm activity of hypochlorite-based antiseptic of total chlorine content equal to 80 parts per million. The data presented in this paper indicate that polihexanide- or octenidine-based antiseptics are highly useful in the treatment of biofilm, while hypochlorite-based antiseptics with low chlorine content may be applied for wound rinsing but not when specific antibiofilm activity is required.

Activity of Liquid and Volatile Fractions of Essential Oils against Biofilm Formed by Selected Reference Strains on Polystyrene and Hydroxyapatite Surfaces

“…Essential oils: Frankincense EO (Naissance, Neath, UK), Geranium EO (Pharmatech, Zukowo, Poland), Tea Tree EO (Pharmatech, Zukowo, Poland), Cedarwood (Etja, Elblag, Poland), and Clove EO (Pharmatech, Zukowo, Poland). Octenisept (Octenisept®, Schulke and Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) was used as a positive control as octenidine as well as a well-known antimicrobial agent [ 83 , 84 , 85 ]. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Stanlab, Lublin, Poland) and saline solution (NaCl, Stanlab, Lublin, Poland) were used as a negative control.…”

The High Impact of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Culture Medium on In Vitro Outcomes of Antimicrobial Activity of Wound Antiseptics and Antibiotic

“…OCT is considered highly effective against biofilm formed by Gram-positive or Gram-negative strains. Similarly to PHMB, the OCT spectrum of activity does not include spore forms [17,18].…”

Screening Papaveraceae as Novel Antibiofilm Natural-Based Agents

“…The third disadvantage is of a strictly methodological character and concerns the methods of the pseudomonal biofilm culturing in a 96-well plate setting. As we and other teams reported earlier [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], the commonly acknowledged microtiter plate methods, although applicable for the testing of biofilms localized and firmly adhered to the bottom of the plate well (as in the case of S. aureus or C. albicans ), are of low applicability for analyses of slime-forming (and filling the whole volume of the plate well) biofilms of the Enterobacteriacae or Pseudomonas family. The subsequent procedures of rinsing and washing that are necessary to perform the crystal violet assay often lead to the random removal of the pseudomonal biofilm and to bias the results of high standard deviations.…”

“…The most active extracts were also examined by the disc diffusion method. Instead of standard paper discs, we applied bacterial cellulose polymers, obtained as follows (Krasowski et al [ 53 ]).…”