In-Vitro Evaluation of Photofunctionalized Implant Surfaces in a High-Glucose Microenvironment Simulating Diabetics

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of photofunctionalization on commercially available dental implant surfaces in a high-glucose environment. Discs of three commercially available implant surfaces were selected with various nano- and microstructural alterations (Group 1—laser-etched implant surface, Group 2—titanium–zirconium alloy surface, Group 3—air-abraded, large grit, acid-etched surface). They were subjected to photo-functionalization through UV irradiation for 60 and 90 min. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the implant surface chemical composition before and after photo-functionalization. The growth and bioactivity of MG63 osteoblasts in the presence of photofunctionalized discs was assessed in cell culture medium containing elevated glucose concentration. The normal osteoblast morphology and spreading behavior were assessed under fluorescence and phase-contrast microscope. MTT (3-(4,5 Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and alizarin red assay were performed to assess the osteoblastic cell viability and mineralization efficiency. Following photofunctionalization, all three implant groups exhibited a reduced carbon content, conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+, increased osteoblastic adhesion, viability, and increased mineralization. The best osteoblastic adhesion in the medium with increased glucose was seen in Group 3. Photofunctionalization altered the implant surface chemistry by reducing the surface carbon content, probably rendering the surfaces more hydrophilic and conducive for osteoblastic adherence and subsequent mineralization in high-glucose environment.

Enhanced antibacterial activity and superior biocompatibility of cobalt-deposited titanium discs for possible use in implant dentistry

“… 15 To improve host cell attachment and osseointegration, procedures such as sand-blasting, acid-etching, anodization, laser treatment, UV-photofunctionalization, and plasma treatment were explored, which cause implant surface modification at the micro- and nanoscale. 16 , 17 These techniques have proven to be effective in the initial osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and increased expression of ontogenesis-related genes, thereby improving the early osseointegration process. 18 , 19 , 20 There is a race between bacteria and host cells for the attachment on the implant surface, and the antibacterial property of implant surfaces can certainly enhance early osseointegration, thus, ensuring the long-term survival of the implant.…”

Silver-deposited titanium as a prophylactic ‘nano coat’ for peri-implantitis

“…methods and employing biomolecules viz., graing ECM components, RGD peptide, bactericidal peptides, and antimicrobials, etc., have been reported. [13][14][15] Several challenges exist for current surface modication technologies; mature commercial technologies sometimes offer only limited functionalities, whereas newly developed technologies impart ner surface properties. The latter is difficult to commercialize due to the higher cost and low stability of the obtained surface.…”