In vitro evaluation of magnesium aluminate [MgAl2O4] spinel ceramic based polyphasic composite scaffold for craniofacial bone tissue engineering

Sharma, Anu; Krishnan, Manu; Ganganahalli, Gurudatta; Saraswathy, Seema; Biswas, Papiya; Johnson, Roy; Abraham, Kurian Mathew; Iyer, Satish R.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.229

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…We previously demonstrated the leach of Mg from the polyphasic composite scaffold. 3 In the present study, we found up regulation of NPNT genes, which are the functional ligands of α and β integrins. Besides, Mg is known to activate the notch 1 signaling in MSCs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Though our Mg liberating polyphasic spinel/β-TCP/PLGA composite scaffold 3 had proved effective in activating major osteogenic pathways, its efficacy was further enhanced with the addition of BMP2 in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The present approaches in bone tissue engineering focus on “composite scaffolds” made from bioceramics and biopolymers, since they give a crack bridging effect to the scaffold simulating closely to the inorganic–organic structure of bone 2 . Even this is being modified with additional bioceramics, based on alumina, zirconium and zinc (biphasic/triphasic) to tailor the strength/porosity/degradation features of the scaffold and also to enhance the cell‐scaffold interactions and osteogenic gene expressions 3 . Herein, magnesium‐based scaffolds have generated fresh interest in bone tissue engineering due to the important role of magnesium in osteogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…features of the scaffold and also to enhance the cell-scaffold interactions and osteogenic gene expressions. 3 Herein, magnesium-based scaffolds have generated fresh interest in bone tissue engineering due to the important role of magnesium in osteogenesis. We previously reported about the magnesium aluminate (MgAl 2 O 4 ) spinel ceramic, its viability in making porous scaffolds and also its feasibility for 3D printing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Role of magnesium released from the scaffold was also important in activating the osteogenic pathways. 3 In this context, it is pertinent to note the importance of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in osteogenesis. BMPs are multifunctional growth factors from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microarray illustrates enhanced mechanistic action towards osteogenesis for magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic‐based polyphasic composite scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein 2

et al. 2022

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Spinel (magnesium aluminate MgAl2O4) ceramic‐based polyphasic composite scaffold has been recently reported for craniofacial bone tissue engineering. Improving the osteogenic effects of such composite scaffolds with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2) is an intensely researched area. This study investigated the gene interactions of this scaffold with BMP2 and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Human bone marrow MSCs were cultured in 3 groups: Group 1—Control (BMSCs), Group 2—BMSC with BMP2, and Group 3—BMSC with scaffold and BMP2. After RNA isolation, gene expression analysis was done by microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (−1.0 > fold changes>1 and p value <.05) were studied for their function and gene ontologies using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). They were further studied by protein–protein interaction network analysis using STRING and MCODE Cytoscape plugin database. Group 3 showed up regulation of 3222 genes against 2158 of Group 2. Group 3 had five annotation clusters with enrichment scores from 2.08 to 3.93. Group 2 had only one cluster. Group 3 showed activation of all major osteogenic pathways: TGF, BMP2, WNT, SMAD, and Notch gene signaling with effects of calcium and magnesium released from the scaffold. Downstream effect of all these caused significant activation of RUNX2, the key transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis in Group 3. STRING and MCODE Cytoscape plugin demonstrated the interactions. The enhanced MSC differentiation for osteogenesis with the addition of BMP2 to the polyphasic composite scaffold proposed promising clinical applications for bone tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%