In vitro evaluation of freeze-drying chitosan-mineralized collagen/Mg–Ca alloy composites for osteogenesis

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg) alloy with good mechanical properties and biodegradability is considered as one of the ideal bone repair materials. However, the rapid corrosion of Mg-based metals can pose harm to the function of an implant in clinical applications. In this study, micro-arc oxidation coating was prepared on the surface of the Mg–Ca matrix, then the chitosan and mineralized collagen (nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen; nHAC) were immobilized on the surface of the MAO/Mg–Ca matrix to construct the CS-nHAC/Mg–Ca composites of different component proportions (the ratio of CS to nHAC is 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively). The corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity, and angiogenic ability were extensively investigated. The results indicated that the CS-nHAC reinforcement materials can improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg matrix significantly and promote the proliferation and adhesion of mouse embryo osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, the CS-nHAC/Mg–Ca composites can not only promote the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells but also enhance the migration motility and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of HUVECs. Meanwhile, the 2CS-1nHAC/Mg–Ca composite exhibited the optimum function characteristics compared with other samples. Therefore, considering the improvement of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, the CS-nHAC/Mg–Ca composites are expected to be a promising orthopedic implant.

The effect of magnesium ions synergistic with mineralized collagen on osteogenesis/angiogenesis properties by modulating macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo

“…The control of vasogenesis by biological substances has been explored extensively. In prior research, we discovered that the CS-nHAC/Mg-Ca composite material not only promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells but also had angiogenic properties [45]. However, angiogenesis and immune responses are interdependent.…”

Composite Nanocoatings of Biomedical Magnesium Alloy Implants: Advantages, Mechanisms, and Design Strategies

“…[157] Nano-mineralized collagen (nHAC) mixed with polymethyl methacrylate and CS and deposited on an Mg-Ca alloy surface induced VEGF secretion and consequent EC proliferation and migration. [25,158] This coating facilitated an-giogenesis and osteogenesis within four weeks of implantation in a rabbit calvarial defect model, while coatings without nHAC formed uneven nodular bone until 24 weeks after surgery. In addition to activating the VEGF signaling pathway, Au NPs [159] or NPs containing Zn 2+ or Sr 2+ [160] upregulate Ang I through the Ang-Tie signaling pathway to mediate EC migration, adhesion, and proliferation; thus, stimulating early angiogenesis.…”

Surface engineering of pure magnesium in medical implant applications

“…Among the various commonly used medical metal implants, Mg and its alloys demonstrate outstanding mechanical characteristics, biodegradability, and the ability for degradation by-products to be metabolically excreted from the body without adverse effects [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. Currently, medical Mg implants primarily include Mg alloys such as WE43 [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ], AZ31 [ [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] ], Mg-Ca [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ], and MgZnCa [ [34] , [35] , [36] ]. However, the incorporation of other metallic elements into Mg alloys does not necessarily ensure favorable biocompatibility of these added elements and complete in vivo degradation.…”