In vitro evaluation of different organic matrices used to modulate silicon bioavailability

Abstract

Silicon (Si) has numerous health properties. It is an element of the extracellular matrix; it is involved in collagen synthesis, bone mineralization, and immune system modulation; and it reduces metal accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease and the risk of atherosclerosis. Given its poor intestinal absorption, Si is ingested in the form of orthosilicic acid (OSA) to promote its bioavailability. The aim of this work was to compare different commercial dietary supplements containing stabilized OSA to ascertain their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and safety in a model of human intestinal epithelium. Biocompatibility with the glycocalyx was also investigated. Supplements containing collagen, maltodextrins, and choline as OSA stabilizers were analyzed. Bioaccessibility was explored by means of an in vitro digestive process. Bioavailability was investigated using a Caco2 cell line alone, or co‐culturing with a HT29‐MTX cell line. The safety of the compounds tested (in terms of intestinal epithelium integrity) was judged on the grounds of MTS assay, transepithelial electrical resistance, and apparent permeability. The three formulations were also tested in a Caco2 cell model of intestinal glycocalyx Si retention. The choline‐formulated OSA formulation outperformed the maltodextrin‐stabilized supplement, with a Si bioavailability about 14 times higher (P < .05). The choline‐formulated OSA formulation increased cell permeability, with consequent intestinal epithelium disruption. The supplements’ absorption and bioavailability (and harmfulness) differed considerably, depending on the OSA stabilizer involved. Of the three formulations tested, the collagen‐formulated OSA represents the best Si dietary supplement.

Facile Amidogen Bio‐Activation Method Can Boost the Soft Tissue Integration on 3D Printed Poly–Ether–Ether–Ketone Interface

“…At the same time, a study indicated that the silicon element in silane coupling agent has the ability to enhance the soft tissue integration to a certain extent. [49] As common orthopedic implant materials, PEEK is often used in spine, cranial, and maxillofacial bone. The effect on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and the bone ingrowth in vivo are very important indexes to evaluate the osseointegration ability.…”

Development of an Innovative Berberine Food-Grade Formulation with an Ameliorated Absorption: In Vitro Evidence Confirmed by Healthy Human Volunteers Pharmacokinetic Study

“…Intestinal studies were performed (ECSIN-ECAMRICERT S.r.l., Rovigo, Italy) to evaluate intestinal bioavailability of both BBR-PP formulation and unformulated berberine extract. Berberine bioaccessibility was evaluated as previously described [ 13 ], in agreement with EFSA guidelines [ 14 ]. Briefly, one dose of each formulation containing the same amount of berberine was subjected to digestion for 3 hours to mimic the digestive physiological process; samples were then centrifuged [ 15 ], and the supernatant was analysed by HPLC (see Section 2.4.1 ).…”

“…The viability of the intestinal cells after treatment with berberine digested samples was evaluated on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 (ATCC, HTB-37TM), cultured on Transwell inserts as already described in detail [ 13 , 16 ]. Serial dilutions in digestive fluids of the digested formulation were then added to the apical side of the insert, while Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) was added to the basolateral side.…”

Role of micronutrients in Alzheimer's disease: Review of available evidence

“…Silicon is involved in collagen synthesis, immune system regulation, bone mineralization, and Tau phosphorylation[ 76 ]. Silicon was shown to lower the risk of AD[ 77 ].…”