In Vitro Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds Derived from Cuttlefish Bone Coated with Poly(ester urea) for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

This study investigates the osteogenic differentiation of umbilical-cord-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds derived from cuttlefish bone doped with metal ions and coated with polymers. First, the in vitro cytocompatibility of the undoped and ion-doped (Sr2+, Mg2+ and/or Zn2+) BCP scaffolds was evaluated for 72 h using Live/Dead staining and viability assays. From these tests, the most promising composition was found to be the BCP scaffold doped with strontium (Sr2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) (BCP-6Sr2Mg2Zn). Then, samples from the BCP-6Sr2Mg2Zn were coated with poly(ԑ-caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(ester urea) (PEU). The results showed that hUC-MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, and hUC-MSCs seeded on the PEU-coated scaffolds proliferated well, adhered to the scaffold surfaces, and enhanced their differentiation capabilities without negative effects on cell proliferation under in vitro conditions. Overall, these results suggest that PEU-coated scaffolds are an alternative to PCL for use in bone regeneration, providing a suitable environment to maximally induce osteogenesis.

In Vivo Evaluation of Bone Regenerative Capacity of the Novel Nanobiomaterial: β-Tricalcium Phosphate Polylactic Acid-co-Glycolide (β-TCP/PLLA/PGA) for Use in Maxillofacial Bone Defects

“…HA bone substitute shows ideal features in being non-toxic, osteoconductive, having micropores to support tissue ingrowth, and maintaining stability within host tissues. It is, however, discredited because of its brittleness, decreased flexibility, fatigue due to the inability to withstand the dynamic forces of bone [ 13 ], and poor resorbable characteristics [ 14 ]. Hence, the utilization of HA bone substitute as a sole choice for bone regeneration in maxillofacial defects is limited.…”

Ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate for the bone augmentation purposes: cytocompatibility in a cell culture model

“…Doping ions can contribute to osteogenesis and angiogenesis, induce effective regeneration of bone tissue. On the other hand, excessive accumulation of doping ions can provoke cytotoxicity and inhibition of biological activity [20]. Creation of new ceramic materials for the bone augmentation purposes that combine the absence of cytotoxicity, high strength and osseointegration characteristics is an urgent modern task.…”