In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.) bark

Abstract

Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. bark, identified as botanical source of Shleshmataka in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate possible antioxidant potential of methanolic and butanol extract of C. dichotoma bark. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and butanol extract was determined by 1,1, diphenyl–2, picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extracts were also evaluated for their phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and was calculated as Gallic acid equivalents. Antiradical activity of methanolic extract was measured by DPPH assay and was compared to ascorbic acid and ferric reducing power of the extract was evaluated by Oyaizu method. In the present study three in vitro models were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. The first two methods were for direct measurement of radical scavenging activity and remaining one method evaluated the reducing power. The present study revealed that the C. dichotoma bark has significant radical scavenging activity.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the medicinal species of the genusCordia(Boraginaceae)

“…[105,[169][170][171][172][173] The essential oil extracted from C. gilletii, taxifolin-enriched methanol fraction of C. dichotoma, ethyl acetate fraction of Cordia verbenacea, cordiarimides A and B isolated from C. globifera and rufescenolides B, C and D, and yunnaneic acids I and J were studied for their antioxidant activity. [37,97,147,174,175] Aqueous fruit extract of the C. dichotoma improved antioxidant level in hyperlipidaemic rats after 10 weeks of dietary supplementation of extract and also improved lipid profile in rats [176] (Tables 3 and 4).…”

“…[164] C. americana Antimicrobial Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract were found to be the most effective against herpes simplex virus type 1 [206] Anti-inflammatory Ethanol extract of leaves showed potent inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase, p38a with IC 50 value of 0.69 and 3.25 lg/ml and moderate inhibition of TNF-a [99] C. boissieri Antimicrobial Methanol extract of the leaves and flowers demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 250 lg/ml) and Candida glabrata (MIC 125 lg/ml), respectively [165,166] Antioxidant Methanol extract of the flowers was found to inhibit oxidation of methyl linoleate by 95.8% [169] C. curassavica Antimicrobial The essential oil obtained from aerial parts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC 0.75-1.00 mg/ml), Sarcina lutea (MIC 0.62 mg/ml), Vibrio cholera (MIC 0.125-0.375 mg/ml) and Rhizoctonia solani (IC 25 0.1300 mg/ml), while hexane extract was active against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IC 50 = 230 mg/ml) [146,160,161] Larvicidal The essential oil as well as aqueous, acetone and methanol extract of leaves shown potent larvicidal activity against third-instar and 2-3 larval instars of Aedes aegypti, respectively [205,207,211] C. cylindrostachya Antimicrobial The neutral fraction of leaves was found to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus subtilis [75] C. dichotoma Antimicrobial The methanol and butanol extract of the bark inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus and Candida albicans [167] The ethanol extract of the leaves was also demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholera, Streptococcus epidermis, Hafnia and Escherichia coli [188] Antioxidant Methanol and butanol extract of the bark showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity and also increased ferric reducing power in reducing power assays [170] The methanol extract and taxifolin-enriched methanol fraction of seeds also showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay [174] Antiulcer Oral administration of ethyl acetate, butanol and butanone fraction of fruit at a dose of 300 mg/kg to the rat significantly reduced gastric secretion, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index in three different models, that is pyloric ligation and indomethacin-and aspirininduced ulcers [184] Analgesic The ethanol extract of leaves showed significant analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhings in mice at a dose of 500 mg/kg …”

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Thienopyrimidine Amide Derivatives

“…The compound methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate (1) was reacted with KOCN in acetic acid and H 2 O at room temperature for 16 h. The resulting solid was filtered and treated with 50 % NaOH and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h to afford pure thieno [3,2- Biological assay: The synthesized thienopyrimidine amide derivatives 13a-m were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide at 30 µg/µL concentration (standard antibacterial drug, ampicilline was used as the reference antibiotic) and tested against Gramnegative strains of (1) Escherichia coli, (2) Klebsiella. pneumonia and Gram-positive strains of (3) Staphylococcus aureus and (4) Bacillus subtilis using agar well diffusion method according to the literature protocol [12,13,27,28]. Activity was determined by zones showing complete inhibition (mm).…”

<em>Cordia macleodii</em> Hook f. Thomson-A potential Medicinal Plant

“…The inhibition of bacterial growth was more pronounced on E. coli and S. aurens as compared to the other tested organism [12]. [15] carried out studies to determine the antibacterial activity of extract of C. macleodii leaf and its leaves along with ghrita. They observed activity against two gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aurens, Streptococcus pyogenes and two gram negative bacteria E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method at different concentrations zone of inhibition of these samples was compare with different standards viz Amphicilline, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol for antibacterial activity but only ghrita showed more effective result.…”