In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rift Valley Fever Virus, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts

More, Garland Kgosi; Makola, Raymond Tshepiso; Prinsloo, Gerhard

doi:10.3390/v13020221

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Despite these behaviors indicating a rich base of indigenous knowledge in communities, their efficacy should be analysed first before widespread acceptance. Several plant extracts have actually shown in vitro anti-RVF virus activity [ 49 ]. However, these practices can be unsafe and expose communities to risk of infection during outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding knowledge, attitude and perception of Rift Valley fever in Baringo South, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Chiuya,

Fevre,

Junglen

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic disease that affects humans and livestock. In Kenya, the disease has spread to new areas like Baringo County, with a growing realization that the epidemiology of the virus may also include endemic transmission. Local knowledge of a disease in susceptible communities is a major driver of prevention and control efforts. A cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted in five locations of Baringo South that had reported RVF cases during the last outbreak, to determine the knowledge, attitude and perception of the predominantly agro-pastoralist community to RVF. Knowledge of RVF clinical signs, transmission, risk factors and prevention all contributed to the total knowledge score. Additionally, the respondents’ attitude was based on their awareness of the threat posed by RVF and preparedness to take appropriate measures in case of suspected infection. Out of the 300 respondents, 80% had heard about the disease, however, only 9.6% attained at least half of the total knowledge score on RVF. Nevertheless, 86% recognized the threat it posed and knew the appropriate action to take in suspected human and livestock cases (positive attitude). Factors significantly associated with a better knowledge of RVF included higher education level, being Maasai, higher socio-economic index, old age and history of RVF in household members and livestock. Being Maasai and a higher socio-economic index were significantly associated with a positive attitude. The low level of knowledge exhibited by the respondents could be due to progressive loss of interest and information associated with a prolonged inter-outbreak period. This calls for regular awareness campaigns. More emphasis should also be put on educating communities on the role played by the mosquito vector in the epidemiology of RVF. The most promising routes of disseminating this information are radio and community gatherings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding knowledge, attitude and perception of Rift Valley fever in Baringo South, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Chiuya,

Fevre,

Junglen

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Few studies have used bacteriophages to evaluate the antiviral activity of plant extracts; generally, assays are done using HeLa and Vero cell lines [77,78]. Several studies have examined the efficacy of extracts of other species of the Solanum genus against different viral elements that cause consequential human diseases such as the herpes simplex virus (HSV) [79], dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV) [80], and hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High in vitro activity of gold and silver nanoparticles from Solanum mammosum L. against SARS-CoV-2 surrogate Phi6 and viral model PhiX174

et al. 2023

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The search for new strategies to curb the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, has become a global priority. Various nanomaterials have been proposed as ideal candidates to inactivate the virus; however, because of the high level of biosecurity required for their use, alternative models should be determined. This study aimed to compare the effects of two types of nanomaterials—gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), recognized for their antiviral activity and affinity with the coronavirus spike protein—using PhiX174 and enveloped Phi6 bacteriophages as models. To reduce the nanoparticles' toxicity, a species known for its intermediate antiviral activity, Solanum mammosum L. (Sm), was used. NPs prepared with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) functioned as the control. Antiviral activity against PhiX174 and Phi6 was analyzed using its seed, fruit, leaves, and essential oil; the leaves were the most effective on Phi6. Using the aqueous extract of the leaves, AuNPs-Sm of 5.34 ± 2.25 nm and AgNPs-Sm of 15.92 ± 8.03 nm, measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were obtained. When comparing NPs with precursors, both gold(III) acetate and silver nitrate were more toxic than their respective NPs (99.99% at 1 mg/mL). The AuNPs-Sm were less toxic, reaching 99.30% viral inactivation at 1 mg/mL, unlike the AgNPs-Sm, which reached 99.94% at 0.01 mg/mL. Gallic acid was the main component identified in the leaf extract using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The FT-IR spectra showed the presence of a large proportion of polyphenolic compounds, and the antioxidant analysis confirmed the antiradical activity. The control NPs showed less antiviral activity than the AuNPs-Sm and AgNPs-Sm, which was statistically significant; this demonstrates that both the S. mammosum extract and its corresponding NPs have a greater antiviral effect on the surrogate Phi bacteriophage, which is an appropriate model for studying SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Huge implications of the interplay between toxic exposures and nutrition should be kept in high consideration in the prevention and management of diseases [ 74 ]. Provided safety assessment, natural antidotes, or dietary probiotics could be useful against heavy metals toxicity and body burden [ 75 , 76 ], while the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of African medicinal plants could be interesting to mitigate the risks of comorbidities [ 77 , 78 ]. The findings are equally an educative tool for patients on the effect of heavy metal toxicity on the prognosis of the disease state and the need to ensure compliance with their medications (HAART) and reduce heavy metal exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Metals and Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Population: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: HIV has been a serious global health concern since its discovery, with about 37.9 million people living with HIV worldwide as of 2018. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for 68% of the infection and contributed 74% of the 1.5 million deaths in 2013 despite having only 12% of the total world population residing in the region. This systematic review has attempted to determine the association between heavy metal toxicity and the occurrence of non-communicable diseases in the HIV/AIDS population. Materials and Methods: Three databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies written in English and published between 1 April 2000 and 12 April 2020. Studies were excluded if the main outcomes were not measured or did not meet the inclusion criteria. Results: All the six included studies are cross-sectional in design, and therefore were evaluated using the STROBE checklist. The data extraction was done using an extraction table; the ratio of female to male participants included in the study was 1.09:1. Qualitative analysis was used due to the heterogeneity in the heavy metal biomarkers and the outcome measured by the included studies. Two studies compared the concentration of heavy metals in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants while one compared the levels between HAART-naïve and HAART-treated participants, and three determined the association between heavy metal toxicity and non-communicable diseases (liver fibrosis, anaemia, and reproductive parameters, respectively) in HIV-positive patients. Conclusions: Blood lead, cadmium, and mercury levels were higher in HIV-seropositive than -seronegative subjects, whereas serum zinc level was lower in HIV-seropositive than -seronegative subjects, but the causal association between heavy metals and non-communicable diseases in HIV subjects is largely unknown. Interdisciplinary research between nutrition, toxicology, and human health is envisaged for primary and secondary prevention and treatment.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rift Valley Fever Virus, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts

Cited by 14 publications

References 86 publications

Understanding knowledge, attitude and perception of Rift Valley fever in Baringo South, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Understanding knowledge, attitude and perception of Rift Valley fever in Baringo South, Kenya: A cross-sectional study

High in vitro activity of gold and silver nanoparticles from Solanum mammosum L. against SARS-CoV-2 surrogate Phi6 and viral model PhiX174

Toxic Metals and Non-Communicable Diseases in HIV Population: A Systematic Review

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