In vitro-Empfindlichkeit von 30Borrelia-Stämmen gegenüber acht Antibiotika

Abstract

Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated of the antimicrobial chemotherapeutics amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, penicillin G sodium, roxithromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 30 Borrelia strains from various sources (skin, cerebrospinal fluid, ticks). Of these strains 29 were Lyme disease agents of the species Borrelia afzelii (n = 12), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (n = 4), Borrelia garinii (n = 13), and one was the relapsing fever strain Borrelia turicatae (n = 1). Tests were performed in microtiter plates by broth dilution. MIC was determined after 72 hours of incubation by comparing growth control with the antibiotic dilutions by means of dark field microscopy. Strains tested were susceptible against amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and penicillin G sodium, partly susceptible to roxithromycin, and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No statistically significant differences in MIC and MBC were seen among the different antibiotics with the various Borrelia species.

In Vitro Susceptibility of the Relapsing-Fever Spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi to Antimicrobial Agents

“…Also, the susceptibilities of B. hermsii and B. miyamotoi to doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin that we report here are in line with previous studies, which showed similar susceptibilities of other RF Borrelia species to tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and macrolides (16,19,(26)(27)(28)(29). It should be mentioned that only a few studies have described the antimicrobial sensitivities of RF Borrelia spirochetes, such as the louse-borne relapsing-fever spirochete B. recurrentis and the soft-tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochetes B. hermsii and B. turicatae (16,19,26). Previous studies reported susceptibility of B. hermsii, B. recurrentis, and B. turicatae to antibiotics of the beta-lactam group (19,26,27); however, neither of these studies tested amoxicillin.…”

“…Of note, the susceptibilities of B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates in this study to various antibiotics, including amoxicillin, were comparable to those determined in previous studies (Table 3) (17,18,24,25). Also, the susceptibilities of B. hermsii and B. miyamotoi to doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin that we report here are in line with previous studies, which showed similar susceptibilities of other RF Borrelia species to tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and macrolides (16,19,(26)(27)(28)(29). It should be mentioned that only a few studies have described the antimicrobial sensitivities of RF Borrelia spirochetes, such as the louse-borne relapsing-fever spirochete B. recurrentis and the soft-tick-borne relapsing-fever spirochetes B. hermsii and B. turicatae (16,19,26).…”

“…The antimicrobial susceptibility of B. miyamotoi has not yet been elucidated, due to difficulties with the cultivation of B. miyamotoi spirochetes in vitro, which has been reported only recently (13)(14)(15). In contrast, the in vitro susceptibilities of the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and several RF Borrelia spirochetes have been extensively studied (16)(17)(18)(19). The antimicrobial susceptibility of spirochetes is conventionally shown as MICsmeasured either by direct (dark-field) microscopy or by colorimetric assays-or measurement of the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) after 72 h of exposure to antibiotics (18,20,21).…”

Persister Development by Borrelia burgdorferi Populations In Vitro

“…Several papers have been published on the MIC for doxycycline. The concentrations of B. burgdorferi that were used in the assays were either log 5 or log 6, and the MIC ranged from 0.25 g/ml to 0.5 g/ml, based on the criteria of inhibiting growth over a 3-to 5-day period (16,23,35). The results from the doxycycline MIC assays suggested that at early log phase, 0.25 g/ml is a sufficient MIC (Table 1; see also Fig.…”

Comparison of a Two- or Three-Week Regimen and a Review of Treatment of Erythema Migrans with Phenoxymethylpenicillin

“…These are defined as persistent or recurrent EM, the persistence or development of extracutaneous symptoms (major or minor), or persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in the skin [4]. The cause of these treatment failures might be low sensitivity or resistance to the given antibiotic [5], early invasion of inner organs, irreversible tissue damage during dissemination, invasive B. burgdorferi clones [6], the development of autoimmune phenomena, or a too short duration of treatment [7]. …”