“…Efficiency (OPU/IVEP) in buffalo is necessary to enhance the use of superior genetic material. OPU can be performed on prepubertal, anestrus, cycling and even pregnant buffalo, however, some anatomophysiological peculiarities, such as lower weight and size of ovaries compared to cows ( Vitoria, 1997 ), lower total primordial follicular number in buffalo when compared to cows ( Danell, 1987 ; Erickson, 1966 ; Baruselli et al, 1997 ; Gimenes et al, 2009 ; Campanile et al, 2010 ; Santos et al, 2013 and Liang et al, 2016 ), greater follicular rate atresia in buffaloes ( Le Van Ty et al, 1989 ; Ocampo et al, 1994 ; Perera, 2011 ; Santos et al, 2013 ), low eligibility rate for buffalo oocytes (38.4%) for the culture due to less compaction and fewer cumulus layers ( Ohashi et al, 2003 ; Gimenes et al, 2010 ; Marin et al, 2019 ) and the seasonality effects on the quality of oocytes ( Gimenes et al, 2010 ; Gasparrini, 2018 ) are limiting factors for in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in buffalo species ( Salzano et al, 2018 ; Baruselli et al, 2020 ).…”