In Vitro Electrochemical Behavior of Sol‐Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite/Graphene Oxide Composite Coatings on 316L SS for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Development of bioceramic coatings on the metallic implant surface with superior properties such as good bonding strength, better corrosion resistance and bioactivity was one of the key tasks for the present biomaterial scientists. Hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) was one of the hopeful calcium phosphate-based ceramic biomaterials which can be enforced as a layer on the metallic substrate due to its resemblance with the human bone in chemical composition. Current effort defines the in-situ blending of HAP/graphene oxide composite by the sol-gel process. The prepared HAP/GO composites were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. A triple-layered composite coating was attained at the spin speed of 3000 rpm/min further sintered at 600°C for 2 hrs. In-vitro corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings on 316 L SS implant were studied on simulated body fluid. The average crystallite size of the synthesized powders was reduced from 40.58 to 21.08 nm with the addition of graphene oxide, antibacterial study for the HAP/GO composite powder competently inhibits the growth of pathogens. Electrochemical studies and adhesion studies showed increased corrosion resistance with superior bonding strength on 316 L SS surface, which results its use for long term biomedical applications.

Ion-Doped Calcium Phosphate-Based Coatings with Antibacterial Properties

“…HA/GO composite coatings on 316 L SS substrates, prepared using the dip and spin coating deposition technique, were described in [109]. Morphology investigations demonstrated the bonding capability of rod-shaped HA particles to the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets, leading to the reinforcement of the HA/GO matrix.…”

Perspective Chapter: Hydroxyapatite – Surface Functionalization to Prevent Bacterial Colonization

“…Among the methods used to prepare composite, the incorporation of antibacterial compounds into the precursor solution is highly employed in co-precipitation, sol-gel, and hydrothermal methods to produce antibacterial HA powders with high homogeneity [42, 82,83]. Additionally, the solution containing the antibacterial compound can be applied to HA substrates by dip coating and spin coating [84][85][86].…”

Can Graphene Oxide Help to Prevent Peri-Implantitis in the Case of Metallic Implants?

“…Later, the GO was also used in combination with hydroxyapatite as a coating for 316L stainless steel. The functional groups of GO bind the calcium ions from the hydroxyapatite, thereby improving the strength of the material and also acting as anchors for the metallic surface and increasing the adhesion of the coating [89]. To further improve the biocompatibility and other parameters, polymers can also be used in combination with the hydroxyapatite and the GO.…”