In-Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of bacterial eye infections in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Failure to cure eye infections, and reduced potency in topical antimicrobials had been observed in South Western Nigeria, this study sought to evaluate in vitro, the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of ocular infections. A total of 46 ocular bacterial isolates were recovered from the diagnostic laboratory of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from conjunctival swabs of patients having underlying eye diseases (Cataracts, glaucoma and esotrapia), and from patients presenting with other symptoms of eye infections. The pathogens incriminated were Staphylococcus aureus (73.5%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (13.3%), Klebsiella species (10.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.0%). Disc diffusion tests (Bauer-Kirby method) were carried out using ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, augmentin, cefuroxime and levofloxacin. Broth dilution techniques were thereafter performed using gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. The microlide-erythromycin was 63.0% efficacious, augmentin and cefuroxime showed 71.1% and 76% efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of commonly used topical antibiotics however showed different levels of resistance. Resistance to the aminoglycosides was marked, yielding 53.4% with MIC50= 8, MIC90 > 256, Resistance to chloramphenicol was even more marked 69.6% with MIC50= 16, MIC90= 64, the fluoroquinolones showed high efficacy-levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed 93.4% and 82.6% susceptibility respectively with MIC50 < 0.5, though slightly demonstrable resistance was observed (MIC90= 8). The study thus recommends the discontinuation of empirical therapy by physicians in order to stem the tide of resistance; it justifies the inclusion of the fluoroquinolones in susceptibility testing of ocular bacterial isolates, and its first line of choice if cure is warranted.

Aerobic Bacteriological and Mycological Study of Ophthalmic Infections and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh

“…The Staphylococcus aureus was noted in general to be the most common isolate among all the ocular infections observed in this study which is corroborated by various other studies in India and abroad by M. J. (1,2,8,9,10) The most common fungal aetiology among all the ocular infections revealed in this study was Aspergillus species. The fungal agents responsible for individual ocular infective conditions in this study revealed that Aspergillus (32.6%) were the most common fungal isolates from keratitis cases, in dacryocystitis Candida albicans (4.34%) was the most common isolate followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (2.18%); in conjunctivitis, only Candida albicans was isolated; no fungal pathogen was isolated from other ocular infections.…”

Microbiological Status of Farms and Baladi Hens’ Eggs

“…From the public health point of view, coagulase negative staphylococci have been identified as the etiological agent in various infections and are among the microorganisms most frequently isolated in nosocomial infections (Cunha et al, 2006). Also, CNS have been implicated in infective endocarditis (Patel et al, 2000), prosthetic joint infections (Trampuz and Zimmerli, 2005), neonatal septiceamia (Ghelbi et al, 2008), Enterotoxins production (Veras et al, 2008) and bacterial eye infections (Ogbolu et al, 2011).…”

Review of Clinically and Epidemiologically Relevant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Africa

“…1 Even though CoNS are usually considered innocuous, they are frequently associated with nosocomial infections, leading to greater interest in them as relevant pathogens rather than mere contaminants. 1,2 Bacterial eye infections, 3 prosthetic joint infections, 4 urinary tract infections (UTIs) especially among immunocompromised patients, 5 surgical site infections, 6 infective endocarditis 7 and cattle mastitis 8 are some conditions that have been associated with CoNS. 9 Because CoNS usually form part of the microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes, proper differentiation between clinically significant and contaminant bacteria is important in bacterial etiology of suspected infections.…”