In vitro effects of two silicate-based materials, Biodentine and BioRoot RCS, on dental pulp stem cells in models of reactionary and reparative dentinogenesis

Abstract

BackgroundCalcium silicate-based cements are biomaterials with calcium oxide and carbonate filler additives. Their properties are close to those of dentin, making them useful in restorative dentistry and endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological effects of two such calcium silicate cements, Biodentine (BD) and Bioroot (BR), on dental stem cells in both direct and indirect contact models. The two models used aimed to mimic reparative dentin formation (direct contact) and reactionary dentin formation (indirect contact). An original aspect of this study is the use of an interposed thin agarose gel layer to assess the effects of diffusible components from the materials.ResultsThe two biomaterials were compared and did not modify dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) proliferation. BD and BR showed no significant cytotoxicity, although some cell death occurred in direct contact. No apoptosis or inflammation induction was detected. A striking increase of mineralization induction was observed in the presence of BD and BR, and this effect was greater in direct contact. Surprisingly, biomineralization occurred even in the absence of mineralization medium. This differentiation was accompanied by expression of odontoblast-associated genes. Exposure by indirect contact did not stimulate the induction to such a level.ConclusionThese two biomaterials both seem to be bioactive and biocompatible, preserving DPSC proliferation, migration and adhesion. The observed strong mineralization induction through direct contact highlights the potential of these biomaterials for clinical application in dentin-pulp complex regeneration.

Analysis of the Activity and Expression of Cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2 in THP-1 Monocytes and Macrophages Cultured with BiodentineTM Silicate Cement

“…Interestingly, in the case of PGE2 concentration in macrophages incubated with Biodentine TM for 48 h, we found a statistically insignificant lower concentration of this prostaglandin in relation to control. These findings confirm the suggestions of the anti-inflammatory properties of silicate base material [36]. Our results also indirectly confirm the observations of Loison-Robert et al (2018), [36] whose in vitro studies conducted on human cells and dental stamina cells, incubated as in our model directly from Biodentine TM, showed a lack of inflammation induction.…”

“…These findings confirm the suggestions of the anti-inflammatory properties of silicate base material [36]. Our results also indirectly confirm the observations of Loison-Robert et al (2018), [36] whose in vitro studies conducted on human cells and dental stamina cells, incubated as in our model directly from Biodentine TM, showed a lack of inflammation induction. They also showed that the incubation of Biodentine cells showed no significant cytotoxicity but some cells showed apoptosis in direct contact.…”

“…Biomaterials should fill and rebuild the tooth, but they should also be biocompatible, bioactive and should not cause inflammatory reaction of the tooth pulp. So far, there have been few studies in which this material has been studied in in vitro cell cultures [36], however there are no reports of the effect of Biodentine TM on the metabolism of monocytes/macrophages in direct contact with this material in the context of the participation of these cells in the initiation and propagation of inflammatory reaction of the pulp. In our study, 48 h of incubation of THP-1 monocytic cells with Biodentine TM did not cause a significant increase in the concentration of TXB2 or PGE2 in the medium as compared to the cells incubated in control conditions.…”

Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of Four Calcium Silicate-Based Cements on Human Gingiva-Derived Stem Cells

“…Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) is composed mostly of tricalcium silicate, zirconium oxide, and calcium carbonate powder, which are mixed with a supplied solution that includes calcium chloride [12,13]. The reduced setting time compared to MTA is achieved by diminishing the particle size and adding calcium chloride to expedite the reactions [13][14][15].…”

“…The substitution of bismuth oxide with zirconium oxide may also play a role in reduced setting time, because this component has been reported to expedite the primary hydration reaction [13]. Previous studies of this material's effects on dental pulp stem cells demonstrated its biocompatible ability, odontoblast differentiation ability, and mineralization potential [12,16]. Endocem Zr (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea) and RetroMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea) were developed to cause less tooth discoloration compared to ProRoot MTA [17].…”