In vitro effects of individual fatty acids on protozoal numbers and on fermentation products in ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high-concentrate, barley-based diet12

Hristov, A.N.; Ivan, M.; McAllister, Tim A.

doi:10.2527/2004.8292693x

Cited by 85 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The greater decline in TGP/DMi for ryegrass than for GS+B may indicate a greater inhibition of cellulolytic bacteria and/or protozoa, evidenced by the numerically lower tVFA/DMi and the more pronounced decrease in aDMd for ryegrass with increasing lauric acid concentration. Lauric acid is known to have a strong inhibitory effect on protozoa (Matsumoto et al 1991;Hristov et al 2004) and cellulolytic bacteria (Demeyer 1981;Klevenhusen et al 2011a), and therefore would be expected to particularly affect the fermentation of more fibrous feeds, as found in the present study. The difference in methane output between the two feeds may reflect the greater decline in pH that occurred for GS+B than that for ryegrass.…”

Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…s.e.m., standard error of the mean (concentration) in the present study and the known inhibitory effect on cellulolytic bacteria (Nagaraja et al 1997). In addition, Hristov et al (2004) reported a severe decrease in protozoal numbers with the addition of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, particularly by the two latter fatty acids, which would have contributed to some of the declines in methane output observed. The extent of reduction in methane output with increasing concentration of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids was more pronounced for GS+B than for ryegrass, reflecting the greater numerical reduction in A : P ratio (data not presented) with GS+B than with ryegrass when fatty acid concentrations were !2.5 ml/L.…”

Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 59%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Eleven individual additives were incubated with either perennial ryegrass or with grass silage+barley grain (50 : 50) and the in vitro methane output was assessed using the gas production technique (GPT). Additives were: fatty acids (lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), halogenated methane analogues (bromoethanesulfonate and bromochloromethane), pyromellitic diimide, statins (mevastatin and lovastatin), a probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid (fumaric acid). Each additive was included at a range of concentrations. Effects on methane output per gram of feed dry matter (DM) incubated (CH 4 /DMi) and disappeared (CH 4 /DMd), as well as other fermentation variables, were evaluated after 24 h of incubation. The addition of increased concentrations of individual fatty acids, bromoethanesulfonate and pyromellitic diimide caused a dose-dependent decline in methane output (CH 4 /DMi, CH 4 / DMd), when incubated with either perennial ryegrass or grass silage+barley grain. No methane output was detected for either feed with the addition of !5 mM bromochloromethane. The statins were ineffective inhibitors of methane output regardless of feed type. For perennial ryegrass, S. cerevisiae caused a dose-dependent decline in CH 4 /DMd and fumaric acid a dose-dependent decline in CH 4 /DMi and CH 4 /DMd. The effectiveness of lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and bromoethanesulfonate to reduce methane output was more pronounced when incubated with grass silage+barley grain than with perennial ryegrass, and therefore the type of feed is an important component for any future in vitro and in vivo studies to be undertaken with these additives. Thus, incorporating different feed types in the initial in vitro screening protocols of all new additives is recommended.Additional keywords: in vitro total gas production technique, rumen fermentation modifiers, ruminant diets.

show abstract

Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 59%

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hristov et al (2005) reported in vitro data showing 48%, 88% and 100% eradication of ruminal protozoa with inclusion of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% linoleic acid, respectively, in the incubation media. Another study showed that oleic acid at 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% decreased protozoal counts by 26%, 45% and 78%, respectively (Hristov et al, 2004). Further, Oldick and Firkins (2000) observed a linear decrease in ruminal protozoa with increasing degree of Cows were fed a basal diet (C) or basal diet supplemented with either 4.0% soybean oil (S), 4.0% linseed oil (L) or 2.0% soybean oil 1 2.0% linseed oil (SL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Unsaturated fatty acids have been reported to have direct inhibitory effects on ruminal protozoa (Oldick and Firkins, 2000). Linoleic acid is toxic to ruminal protozoa and previous research has shown a consistent decrease in protozoal counts in vivo (Sutton et al, 1983;Hristov et al, 2004) and in vitro (Newbold and Chamberlain, 1988). Hristov et al (2005) reported in vitro data showing 48%, 88% and 100% eradication of ruminal protozoa with inclusion of 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% linoleic acid, respectively, in the incubation media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Yang

Wang

et al. 2009

Animal

126

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. Four dietary treatments were tested in a Latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Treatments were control (C, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or C with 4% soybean oil (S), 4% linseed oil (L) or 2% soybean oil plus 2% linseed oil (SL) in a 4 × 4 Latin square with four periods of 21 days. Forage and concentrate mixtures were fed at 0800 and 2000 h daily. Ruminal fluid was collected every 2 h over a 12-h period on day 19 of each experimental period and pH was measured immediately. Samples were prepared for analyses of concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) by GLC and ammonia. Counts of total and individual bacterial groups (cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic bacteria and total viable bacteria) were performed using the roll-tube technique, and protozoa counts were measured via microscopy in ruminal fluid collected at 0, 4 and 8 h after the morning feeding. Content of ruminal digesta was obtained via the rumen cannula before the morning feeding and used immediately for DNA extraction and quantity of specific bacterial species was obtained using real- time PCR. Ruminal pH did not differ but total VFA (110v. 105 mmol/l) were lower (P< 0.05) with oil supplementation compared with C. Concentration of ruminal NH3-N (4.4v. 5.6 mmol/l) was greater (P< 0.05) due to oil compared with C. Compared with C, oil supplementation resulted in lower (P< 0.05) cellulolytic bacteria (3.25 × 108v. 4.66 × 108colony-forming units (CFU)/ml) and protozoa (9.04 × 104v. 12.92 × 104cell/ml) colony counts. Proteolytic bacteria (7.01 × 108v. 6.08 × 108CFU/ml) counts, however, were greater in response to oil compared with C (P< 0.05). Among oil treatments, the amount ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvens,Fibrobacter succinogenesandRuminococcus flavefaciensin ruminal fluid was substantially lower (P< 0.05) when L was included. Compared to C, the amount ofRuminococcus albusdecreased by an average of 40% regardless of oil level or type. Overall, the results indicate that some ruminal microorganisms, except proteolytic bacteria, are highly susceptible to dietary unsaturated fatty acids supplementation, particularly when linolenic acid rich oils were fed. Dietary oil effects on ruminal fermentation parameters seemed associated with the profile of ruminal microorganisms.

show abstract

“…MCFAs are primarily oxidized for energy and while LCFA may be oxidized, they are primarily deposited into adipose tissue (Drackley, 2005). UFAs may promote muscle cell growth (Hurley et al, 2006) and may also provide antimicrobial and antiviral effects (Hristov et al, 2004). Increased concentrations of MCFA, PUFAs, particularly 18:3, or butyrate (4:0) in milk replacer increased rate and efficiency of gain in dairy calves (Hill et al, 2007).…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk production and pre-weaning progeny growth

Shee

Lemenager

Schoonmaker

2016

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multiparous Angus × Simmental cows (n = 54, 5.22 ± 2.51 years) with male progeny were fed one of two diets supplemented with either dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) or soybean meal (CON), from calving until day 129 postpartum (PP) to determine effects of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk composition and calf growth. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and consisted of rye hay and DDGS (19.4% CP; 8.76% fat), or corn silage, rye hay and soybean meal (11.7% CP; 2.06% fat). Cow-calf pairs were allotted by cow and calf age, BW and breed. Cow BW and body condition score (BCS; P ⩾ 0.13) were similar throughout the experiment. A weigh-suckle-weigh was performed on day 64 and day 110 ± 10 PP to determine milk production. Milk was collected on day 68 and day 116 ± 10 PP for analysis of milk components. Milk production was unaffected ( P ⩾ 0.75) by dietary treatments. Milk urea nitrogen was increased at both time points in DDGS compared with CON cows ( P < 0.01). Protein was decreased ( P = 0.01) and fat was increased ( P = 0.01) in milk from DDGS compared with CON cows on day 68 PP. Compared to CON, DDGS decreased medium chain FA ( P < 0.01) and increased long chain FA ( P < 0.01) at both time points. Saturated FA content of milk was decreased ( P < 0.01) at both time-points in DDGS compared with CON cows, which resulted in an increase ( P < 0.01) in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA, including cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Daily gain of the DDGS calves was increased ( P = 0.01) compared with CON calves, resulting in heavier BW on day 129 ( P = 0.01). Heavier BW of DDGS calves was maintained through weaning ( P = 0.01). Timed-artificial insemination (TAI) rates were greater for cows fed DDGS compared with cows fed CON ( P < 0.02), but dietary treatment had no effect on overall pregnancy rates ( P = 0.64). In summary, feeding DDGS to lactating beef cows did not change cow BW or BCS, but did improve TAI rates and altered milk composition compared with CON. As a result, male progeny from cows fed DDGS during lactation had greater average daily gain and were heavier at day 129 and at weaning compared with male progeny from cows fed a control diet.

show abstract

In vitro effects of individual fatty acids on protozoal numbers and on fermentation products in ruminal fluid from cattle fed a high-concentrate, barley-based diet12

Cited by 85 publications

References 39 publications

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

Reducing in vitro rumen methanogenesis for two contrasting diets using a series of inclusion rates of different additives

Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on cow performance, milk production and pre-weaning progeny growth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About