In Vitro Effects of Doxycycline on Replication of Feline Coronavirus

To assist public health responses to COVID-19, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is being utilised internationally to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infections at the community level. However, questions remain regarding the sensitivity of WBE and its use in low prevalence settings. In this study, we estimated the total number of COVID-19 cases required for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. To do this, we leveraged a unique situation where, over a 4-month period, all symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, in a population of approximately 120,000, were precisely known and mainly located in a single managed isolation and quarantine facility (MIQF) building. From 9 July to 6 November 2020, 24-hr composite wastewater samples ( n = 113) were collected daily from the sewer outside the MIQF, and from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located 5 km downstream. New daily COVID-19 cases at the MIQF ranged from 0 to 17, and for most of the study period there were no cases outside the MIQF identified. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 54.0% (61/113) at the WWTP, compared to 95.6% (108/113) at the MIQF. We used logistic regression to estimate the shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA into wastewater based on four infectious shedding models. With a total of 5 and 10 COVID-19 infectious cases per 100,000 population (0.005 % and 0.01% prevalence) the predicated probability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection at the WWTP was estimated to be 28 and 41%, respectively. When a proportional shedding model was used, this increased to 58% and 87% for 5 and 10 cases, respectively. In other words, when 10 individuals were actively shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a catchment of 100,000 individuals, there was a high likelihood of detecting viral RNA in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detections at the WWTP were associated with increasing COVID-19 cases. Our results show that WBE provides a reliable and sensitive platform for detecting infections at the community scale, even when case prevalence is low, and can be of use as an early warning system for community outbreaks.

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“…( Dunowska and Ghosh, 2021 , Bivins et al, 2020 , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020 …”

Section: Uncited Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a low prevalence setting

Hewitt¹,

Trowsdale²,

Armstrong³

et al. 2022

Water Research

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“…A combination of ITZ with prednisolone, ITZ with GS-441524, and ITZ with an anti-human TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody have been reported [ 27 , 28 ]. Doxycycline, a tetracycline-class antibiotic that includes other activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antivirus effects, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, has been used to treat cats affected by FIP [ 29 , 30 ]. Dunowska and Ghosh [ 30 ] reported that doxycycline has some inhibitory effects on FIPV replication in vitro .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doxycycline, a tetracycline-class antibiotic that includes other activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antivirus effects, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, has been used to treat cats affected by FIP [ 29 , 30 ]. Dunowska and Ghosh [ 30 ] reported that doxycycline has some inhibitory effects on FIPV replication in vitro . However, further studies should be conducted in vivo to evaluate its efficacy on FIP cats [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches

Moyadee,

Sunpongsri,

Choowongkomon

et al. 2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and estimate the median survival time of FIP cats treated with prednisolone to guide further therapeutic planning. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, data from a total of 116 cats with effusion were fully recorded. Forty-five FIP-diagnosed cats were enrolled for analysis. Results: The study findings indicate that FIP was a disease affecting cats aged 1–2 years and was highly prevalent among male cats. Clinical manifestations of FIP affected the digestive (60%), hematological (53.3%), respiratory (33.3%), neurological (6.7%), and ocular (4.4%) systems. Blood profiles revealed mild anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and an albumin to globulin ratio of 0.4. Fluid analysis and cytology of FIP cats demonstrated a transparent yellow fluid with a protein content of 6 gm/dl and a total nucleated cell count of approximately 5,000–10,000 cells. During the observation period, FIP cats treated with prednisolone exhibited a median survival time of 31 days. Conclusion: Confirming FIP cases can be challenging; therefore, a tentative diagnosis of FIP must be made with care. This study provided practical diagnostic tools to diagnose FIP based on clinical signs and multiple abnormalities, which allowed for more efficient and rapid detection.

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Repurposing of Doxycycline to Attenuate Influenza Virus Pathogenesis Via Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Neutrophils

Narasaraju

Fong

Lal

et al. 2023

Drug Repurposing for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Cancer

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In Vitro Effects of Doxycycline on Replication of Feline Coronavirus

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a low prevalence setting

Sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a low prevalence setting

Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches

Repurposing of Doxycycline to Attenuate Influenza Virus Pathogenesis Via Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Neutrophils

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