In Vitro Effects of Astaxanthin Combined With Ginkgolide B on T Lymphocyte Activation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Asthmatic Subjects

Gao

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

et al. 2012

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited disease characterized by massive enlargement of fluid-filled cysts in the kidney. However, there is no effective therapy yet for this disease. To examine whether ginkgolide B, a natural compound, inhibits cyst development, a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cyst model, an embryonic kidney cyst model, and a PKD mouse model were used. Interestingly, ginkgolide B significantly inhibited MDCK cyst formation dose dependently, with up to 69% reduction by 2 μM ginkgolide B. Ginkgolide B also significantly inhibited cyst enlargement in the MDCK cyst model, embryonic kidney cyst model, and PKD mouse model. To determine the underlying mechanisms, the effect of ginkgolide B on MDCK cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, chloride transporter CFTR activity, and intracellular signaling pathways were also studied. Ginkgolide B did not affect cell viability, proliferation, and expression and activity of the chloride transporter CFTR that mediates cyst fluid secretion. Ginkgolide B induced cyst cell differentiation and altered the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ginkgolide B inhibits renal cyst formation and enlargement, suggesting that ginkgolide B might be developed into a novel candidate drug for ADPKD.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgolide B inhibits renal cyst development in in vitro and in vivo cyst models

Gao

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

et al. 2012

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

“…It was reported that that ginkgolide B, astaxanthin, or their combination could suppress activation of T cells from asthma patients [38]. In the recent experiment, Haines et al [39] showed that the asthmatic animals fed astaxanthin, Ginkgo biloba extract and vitamin C alone or in combination exhibited significantly lower bronchoalveolar lavage fluid inflammatory cell numbers and enhancement of lung tissue content of cAMP and cGMP, and the efficacy was equal to or better than ibuprofen, a widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential health‐promoting effects of astaxanthin: A high‐value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Yuan

Peng

Yin

et al. 2010

543

309

The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin can be found in the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp., and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The microalga H. pluvialis has the highest capacity to accumulate astaxanthin up to 4-5% of cell dry weight. Astaxanthin has been attributed with extraordinary potential for protecting the organism against a wide range of diseases, and has considerable potential and promising applications in human health. Numerous studies have shown that astaxanthin has potential health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancers, chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, exercise-induced fatigue, male infertility, and HgCl₂-induced acute renal failure. In this article, the currently available scientific literature regarding the most significant activities of astaxanthin is reviewed.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

“…Recently, further functionalities of astaxanthin in addition to its antioxidative ability have also been reported, including anti-cancer, 5,6) prevention of diabetic nephropathy, 7) prevention of H. pylori infection, 8) alleviation of eye fatigue, 9) and immunomodulating ability. 10,11) Absorption of xanthophylls is believed to occur as follows: After ingestion, xanthophylls mix with bile acid to make micelles in the intestinum tenue. Next, the micelles containing xanthophylls are passively absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of Astaxanthin inHaematococcusAlgal Extract: The Effects of Timing of Diet and Smoking Habits

Okada

Ishikura

Maoka

2009

Astaxanthin is a caroteonid that possesses strong antioxidant activity. Recently, many studies on biological activity have been reported. In general, the absorption of carotenoids is affected greatly by diet and by smoking. In this report, we investigated astaxanthin pharmacokinetics after administration of Haematococcus algal extract, a source of astaxanthin, to smokers and nonsmokers before and after a meal; astaxanthin was given before the meal to nonsmokers (n ¼ 7), after the meal to nonsmokers (n ¼ 6), and after the meal to smokers (n ¼ 7), then serum samples were analyzed. The timing of administration greatly affected astaxanthin bioavailability including the area under the curve (AUC 0{168 , 2;968 AE 959 g h/l in the before-meal group vs. 7;219 AE 3;118 g h/l in the after-meal group), indicating high availability in the after-meal group. Smoking also affected the pharmacokinetic parameters and reduced the half-life (t 1=2 ) of astaxanthin elimination significantly.