In vitro effect of diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol on microbicidal activity of murine peritoneal macrophages

Abstract

Diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol, two trichothecene mycotoxins shown previously to exert immunosuppressive effects on the immune system were examined for their in vitro effects on some functions of murine peritoneal macrophages. The cells were pre-incubated for 4 hr with the mycotoxin concentrations of 0.1 ng/ml-1 micrograms/ml. At concentrations that did not affect the cell viability (Specific Lactate Dehydrogenase test), diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol suppress microbicidal activity of phagocytic cells. The diacetoxyscirpenol concentrations, which reduce phagocytosis (2 ng/ml), microbicidal activity (1 ng/ml), superoxide anion production (1 ng/ml) and phagosome-lysosome fusion (0.1 ng/ml), indicate that the inhibition of killing mechanism arise from both oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. Phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and superoxide anion production are inhibited by deoxynivalenol at 1 ng/ml whereas phagosome-lysosome fusion is reduce above 100 ng/ml. These results suggest that microbicidal activity inhibition by deoxynivalenol did not depend on non-oxidative pathway (phagosome-lysosome fusion) impairment.

The Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol disrupts phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro

“…A similar decrease in phagocytic activity of antigen-presenting cells in response to DON has been shown for macrophages from mice and turkeys (Ayral et al, 1992;Kidd et al, 1995). Fig.…”

From the Gut to the Brain: Journey and Pathophysiological Effects of the Food-Associated Trichothecene Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol

“…In addition to its direct stimulatory effect, DON at low doses also potentates the stimulatory effects of cytokines/bacterial components on macrophages [124,125]. In parallel to macrophage activation, low doses of DON also affect their ability to phagocytose and to kill bacteria, leading either to a decrease or an increase in the phagocytosis depending of the type of bacteria used in the assay [109,126]. As shown with IEC, higher doses of DON (µM range) possess suppressive effects on macrophage activations (cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, bacterial killing) and induce their apoptosis [124,125,127] such deleterious effects certainly contributing to the observed increase in the susceptibility to infection of animals exposed to DON [119,127,128].…”

Fungal spores: hazardous to health?

“…Ayral et al (48) showed that the trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol reduce phagocytosis, suppress microbicidal activity, and inhibit superoxide anion production and phagosome-lysosome fusion of peritoneal macrophages at concentrations that did not affect cell viability. Similarly, Vidal and Mavet (49) demonstrated inhibition of phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by murine peritoneal macrophages in the presence of 0.001 pM T-2 toxin.…”