In vitro effect of amorphous calcium phosphate paste applied for extended periods of time on enamel remineralization

Vieira, Ana Elisa de Mello; Danelon, Marcelle; Camara, Danielle Mendes da; Rosselli, Eliana Rodrigues; Stock, Stuart R.; Cannon, Mark; Xiao, Xianghui; Carlo, Francesco De; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0513

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The use of low-pressure, high-energy methods for synthesis and storage can extend the stability of ACP, but these methods are incompatible with physiological conditions on which most biomedical applications depend. The best solution for stabilizing ACP appears to be steric additives, such as citrates, casein phosphopeptides, glycodeoxycholates, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(acrylic acid), poly(glutamic acid), or adenosine 5′-triphosphate, which may prolong this transition and allow for the stabilization of the amorphous phase for indefinite periods of time. Still, unlike the equable glasses, which are inherently noncrystallizable and represented by cross-linked or atactic organic polymers, ACP is inherently metastable, and annealing or sufficient aging under ambient conditions is bound to promote the phase transition to the crystalline state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disordering the Disorder as the Route to a Higher Order: Incoherent Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate through Amorphous Precursors

Uskoković

2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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Understanding the stability and phase transformations of amorphous materials may open the way toward structurally complex, nonequilibrium structures that are the future of materials science. Elucidating the ultrafine specifics of the transition of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and other crystalline calcium phosphate (CP) phases may also pave the way for the development of nondrug, acellular, and purely materials-based therapies for a number of osteopathic conditions. Reports on classical and nonclassical mechanisms of nucleation and growth of HAp abound, but here it is shown that these two modes of growth are wedded during the crystallization of HAp from an amorphous precursor. This process combines growth via ionic units, atomic clusters, and spheroid amorphous nanoparticles of variable sizes as well as via internal lattice rearrangements and is typified by a mechanistic multiplicity that agrees well with the pleiotropy and protean nature of this material. Formation and retention of the α-polymorph of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) exclusively in a material formed through amorphous precursors under a specific annealing regimen and the diffractometric pattern matching indicated that ACP structurally resembles α-TCP more than β-TCP or HAp. Crystallographic symmetry comparison between HAp and α-TCP-like ACP was provided in support of this match, primarily focusing on the greater void concentration in α-TCP than in other TCP polymorphs and the similarities in the pseudohexagonal arrangement of ionic columns in HAp and α-TCP. The elimination of structural water correlated with the closing of the amorphous structure in the first stages of phase transformation and was entailed by the red shift of P–O stretches and the blue shift of the O–P–O bending vibration modes as well as by the reduction of the high-index (434) and (264) lattice constants of α-TCP-like ACP. Meanwhile, the environment around Ca–O and OH groups varied less during the early stages of crystallization, suggesting that the rearrangement of heavier and more kosmotropic phosphates governs the structural transition, while more chaotropic calcium and hydroxyl ions act as diffusive fillers of the phosphate network. While the structure suddenly opened in parallel with the formation of first crystalline products at high temperature, its closing accompanied by a nonlinear reduction in crystalline order preceded the transition. The path connecting the initial, amorphous state and the final, crystalline one is, therefore, not coherent, and some structural order established in the amorphous structure during aging at room temperature must first be annihilated under the inflow of thermal energy before a longer-lasting order in the material can emerge. These results imply that there is either none or partial continuity between the recovery process under ambient conditions and the recovery process under high-temperature conditions. Last but not least, the reduction of crystallinity as a step preceding its sudden increase attests to the presence...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disordering the Disorder as the Route to a Higher Order: Incoherent Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate through Amorphous Precursors

Uskoković

2019

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…Solution "B" led to the development of subsurface lesions, with a lamination pattern, with high R-values in both permanent and deciduous enamel. As already reported in literature, the lamination pattern is developed due to alternating des/remineralization episodes in presence of fluoride which is absorbed in varying concentrations in different lesion depths (16). Lesions with high R-values were reported to be suitable for assessing the differences between treatments as they were more responsive to disparities between remineralizing solutions (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Enamel Subsurface Caries-Like Lesions Induced in Human Teeth By Different Solutions: A TMR Analysis

et al. 2020

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Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of models for developing subsurface caries lesions in vitro and verified mineral changes by transverse microradiography (TMR). Enamel blocks from permanent (n=5) and deciduous teeth (n=5) were submitted to lesion induction by immersion in demineralizing solutions during 96 h, followed by pH cycles of demineralization (de) and remineralization (re) for 10 days. Two de-/re solutions were tested. Demineralizing solution “A” was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid, with pH 4.4 adjusted by 1 M KOH. Demineralizing solution “B” was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM NaH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.25 ppmF, with pH 4.5 adjusted by 1M KOH. Solution “A” produced cavitated lesions in permanent teeth, whereas solution “B” led to subsurface lesions in deciduous teeth. Solution “B” was then tested in enamel blocks from permanent teeth (n=5) and subsurface lesions were obtained, so that solution “B” was employed for both substrates, and the blocks were treated with slurries of a fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm F, as NaF, n=5) or a fluoride-free dentifrice (n=5). Solution “B” produced subsurface lesions in permanent and primary teeth of an average (±SD) depth of 88.4µm (±14.3) and 89.3µm (±15.8), respectively. TMR analysis demonstrated that lesions treated with fluoride-free dentifrice had significantly greater mineral loss. This study concluded that solution “B” developed subsurface lesions after pH cycling, and that mineral changes were successfully assessed by TMR.

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“…A similar reduction might be seen after the application of CPP-ACP(F) pastes, because a similar procedure is recommended by the manufacturer. In this respect, the remineralizing agents are unable to show their full potential 35 . In order to deal with the clearing effect of saliva, lozenges or chewing gum containing CPP-ACP(F) are an alternative for creams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF after 6 and 12 weeks on initial caries lesion

Thierens¹,

Moerman²,

Elst³

et al. 2019

J. Appl. Oral Sci.

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Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of remineralization promoting agents containing casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), or CPP-ACP in combination with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) after 6 and 12 weeks. Methodology: White spot lesions were created on 123 sectioned premolars (246 specimens) with a demineralization solution during a 96 hours pH-cycling regime. Two experimental groups were created: a CPP-ACP group (Tooth Mousse™), and a CPP-ACPF group (Mi Paste Plus™). Additionally, two control groups were created, one using only a conventional toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride) and another one without any working agents. All teeth were also daily brushed with the conventional toothpaste except the second control group. Tooth Mousse™ and Mi Paste Plus™ were applied for 180 seconds every day. The volume of demineralization was measured with transverse microradiography. Six lesion characteristics regarding the lesion depth and mineral content of WSLs were also determined. Results: The application of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF had a significant regenerative effect on the WSLs. Compared to Control group 1 and 2 the volume of demineralization after 6 weeks decreased significantly for CPP-ACP (respectively p <0.001 and p <0.001) and CPP-ACPF (respectively p =0.001 and p =0.003). The same trend was observed after 12 weeks. For the CPP-ACPF group, WSL dimensions decreased significantly between 6 and 12 weeks follow-up ( p =0.012). The lesion depth reduced significantly after application of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF but increased significantly in the Control groups. Mineral content increased for CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF after an application period of 12 weeks, but this was only significant for CPP-ACP. Conclusions: Long-term use of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF in combination with a conventional tooth paste shows beneficial effects in the recovery of in vitro subsurface caries lesions.

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In vitro effect of amorphous calcium phosphate paste applied for extended periods of time on enamel remineralization

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Disordering the Disorder as the Route to a Higher Order: Incoherent Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate through Amorphous Precursors

Disordering the Disorder as the Route to a Higher Order: Incoherent Crystallization of Calcium Phosphate through Amorphous Precursors

Enamel Subsurface Caries-Like Lesions Induced in Human Teeth By Different Solutions: A TMR Analysis

The in vitro remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF after 6 and 12 weeks on initial caries lesion

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