In Vitro Effect of Alkaloids on Bloodstream Forms of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense

Merschjohann, Karin; Sporer, Frank; Steverding, Dietmar

doi:10.1055/s-2001-17351

Cited by 111 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…In a study of the antitrypanosomal activities of 34 different alkaloids, T. congolense was found to be less susceptible than T. b. brucei (Merschjohann et al, 2001). In another study involving the antitrypanosomal activity of niclosamide, T. congolense was found to be 10 times less susceptible than T. b. brucei (Merschjohann and Steverding, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Antitrypanosomal Activity of Buchholzia coriacea Seed Extract against a Field Strain of Trypanosoma congolense

Nweze

Anene

Asuzu

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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The antitrypanosomal activity of the methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed against a field strain of Trypanosoma congolense was investigated using experimentally infected mice of both sexes. Monitoring of parasitaemia was by the rapid matching technique. When parasitaemia was approximately log 7.8 (63 x 10 6 parasites/ml), treatment with graded doses of the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was instituted for 5 consecutive days. Diminazene diaceturate (Dimivet ® SKM Pharma Pvt. Ltd.) was given at 3.5 mg/kg i.p. to the positive control mice. No significant differences in body weights were observed. The rectal temperatures of infected mice showed fluctuations. The PCV of infected mice were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the uninfected controls. There was no significant difference between the PCV of the extract-treated and untreated animals. Parasitaemia increased steadily in the extract-treated and untreated mice groups till all the animals died. Three days post-treatment with diminazene diaceturate parasitaemia was cleared. Six days later, there was a relapse of infection. By the end of the experiment, a 50 % relapse rate was recorded in the diminazene diaceturatetreated group. The methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seeds did not show any antitrypanosomal activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense at the doses tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Antitrypanosomal Activity of Buchholzia coriacea Seed Extract against a Field Strain of Trypanosoma congolense

Nweze

Anene

Asuzu

2011

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…First, secondary metabolites may be directly toxic to trypanosomatids such as Crithidia. Exposure to numerous alkaloid, terpenoid and phenolic compounds is lethal to Trypanosoma species, probably via interruption of protein synthesis, DNA intercalation, interaction with neurotransmitters or induction of programmed cell death [41,42]. Second, secondary metabolites could affect bee immune function, including by upregulating bee immune response [43], stimulating bees' endosymbiotic gut bacteria [44], causing physical or chemical changes to gut lining [45], or simply by inducing diuresis [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar reduce parasite infections in bumblebees

et al. 2015

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The synthesis of secondary metabolites is a hallmark of plant defence against herbivores. These compounds may be detrimental to consumers, but can also protect herbivores against parasites. Floral nectar commonly contains secondary metabolites, but little is known about the impacts of nectar chemistry on pollinators, including bees. We hypothesized that nectar secondary metabolites could reduce bee parasite infection. We inoculated individual bumblebees with Crithidia bombi, an intestinal parasite, and tested effects of eight naturally occurring nectar chemicals on parasite population growth. Secondary metabolites strongly reduced parasite load, with significant effects of alkaloids, terpenoids and iridoid glycosides ranging from 61 to 81%. Using microcolonies, we also investigated costs and benefits of consuming anabasine, the compound with the strongest effect on parasites, in infected and uninfected bees. Anabasine increased time to egg laying, and Crithidia reduced bee survival. However, anabasine consumption did not mitigate the negative effects of Crithidia, and Crithidia infection did not alter anabasine consumption. Our novel results highlight that although secondary metabolites may not rescue survival in infected bees, they may play a vital role in mediating Crithidia transmission within and between colonies by reducing Crithidia infection intensities.

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“…Very low concentrations of alkaloids have been reported in the leaves of P. laxiflora and S. spinosa (Bisset and Phillipson, 1971;Kerharo and Adam, 1974;Oguakwa et al, 1980;Ohiri et al, 1983). As a recent paper analysed the antitrypanosomal activity of alkaloids from different types, some of which being active, we tried to detect alkaloids using thin-layer chromatography but failed to demonstrate their presence in these two crude methylene chloride leaf extracts (Merschjohann et al, 2001). Nevertheless, due to the complex composition of our extracts, it is not possible at this stage to identify the compounds which may be responsible for the observed activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of ethnopharmacologically selected Beninese plants

Hoet

Opperdoes

Brun

et al. 2004

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of methylene chloride, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves and twigs of five plant species traditionally used in Benin for the treatment of sleeping sickness were evaluated on Trypanosoma brucei brucei and their selectivity was analysed on Leishmania mexicana mexicana and J774 macrophage-like murine cells. The results showed that the four most active extracts had MIC values ≤19 g/ml (Hymenocardia acida twig and leaf, Strychnos spinosa leaf, Trichilia emetica leaf methylene chloride extracts).All these extracts had a lower activity on L. m. mexicana and J774 cells. Determination of the IC 50 values of the methylene chloride leaf extracts on two strains of trypanosomes (T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense) and two mammalian cell lines (L6 and J774 cells) showed that all extracts possessed some antitrypanosomal activity with IC 50 's ranging from 1.5 to 39 g/ml. All were also toxic to the mammalian cells, but usually with higher IC 50 's. The only exception was the S. spinosa methylene chloride leaf extract which had no toxicity on J774 cells. Although tannins have been identified in most of the species studied, they could not be detected in the most active extracts, just as alkaloids. The presence of flavonoids and quinones may at least in part explain the observed activities of some of the active extracts.

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In Vitro Effect of Alkaloids on Bloodstream Forms of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense

Cited by 111 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of the Antitrypanosomal Activity of <i>Buchholzia coriacea</i> Seed Extract against a Field Strain of <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>

Investigation of the Antitrypanosomal Activity of <i>Buchholzia coriacea</i> Seed Extract against a Field Strain of <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar reduce parasite infections in bumblebees

In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of ethnopharmacologically selected Beninese plants

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