In‐vitro disappearance of carbohydrates, phenolic acids, and lignin from parenchyma and sclerenchyma cell walls isolated from cocksfoot

Grabber, John H.; Jung, G. A.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740570303

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An adaptation of micro‐organisms to the new substrates would therefore be unnecessary 8. 22 The crystallinity of cellulose and the toxic action of cell wall phenolics can impose chemical barriers to digestion 23. 24 This could be the case for melon, with low NDF and L contents (274 and 23 g kg −1 DM respectively) and low total gas production (80.4 ml per 500 mg DM after 72 h).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding value, in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production of different by‐products for ruminant nutrition

2002

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Nine by-products used in animal nutrition were examined for their nutritive value by determining the chemical composition (crude protein, crude fat (ether extract), neutral detergent ®bre, acid detergent ®bre, lignin), in vitro organic matter digestibility and rumen fermentation kinetics (from gas production curves measured in vitro). The by-products studied were giant pumpkin, red pepper, stem broccoli, brewer's grain, fresh artichoke, scalded artichoke, lemon peel, orange peel and melon. The nutritive value was very variable, depending on the by-product and on the process applied to the material during industrial processing. In vitro gas production was measured for 500 mg dry matter in quadruplicate at 39°C after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation and ®tted to single-pool exponential equations. The fermentation kinetics indicated that brewer's grain was the only byproduct which ®tted well with the p = a b(1 À e Àct ) equation model; all other by-products had a very fast degradation rate and their gas production ®tted the equation p = b(1 À e Àc(tÀL) ), because in the other exponential model a was negative.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding value, in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production of different by‐products for ruminant nutrition

2002

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“…This may be related to differences in grass species, but variations in pcoumaric content between several temperate grasses at similar stages are small (Hartley 1984). It is more probably related to greater stemfleaves and greater thick-/ thin-cell wall tissue ratios (Jung and Castler 1990;Grabber and Jung 1991) in the first vegetation cycle late harvested hay than in the cocksfoot regrowth, mostly composed of leaves. Thus the higher p-coumaric content in the late harvested hay reflects the presence of structures less accessible to microbial enzymes than in the regrowth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Barley Supplement on Microbial Fibrolytic Enzyme Activities and Cell Wall Degradation Rate in the Rumen

Nozière

Besle

Martin

et al. 1996

J. Sci. Food Agric.

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Three ruminally cannulated dry cows were used in a Latin square design to investigate the relationship between microbial fibrolytic enzyme activities and in saccocell wall degradation of two gramineous hays, in which cell wall content ranged from 510 g kg−1 DM for the regrowth to 687 g kg−1 DM for the late harvested hay. Animals were fed twice daily a diet consisting of wheat straw, cocksfoot hay and ground barley in the ratios 10: 90: 0 (w/w), 10: 60: 30 (w/w) and 10: 30: 60 (w/w). For each diet and each hay, thein saccodegradation of cell wall polysaccharides and phenolic acids was determined. After 2 h and 23 h incubation time in the rumen, pH was measured in the bags, and fibrolytic activities (xylanase, avicelase, β‐glycosidases) of the microbial population colonising haysin saccowere measured. Supplementation above 30% barley decreased the degradation rate of the cell wall polysaccharides, concomitantly with a decrease in polysaccharidase activities. The decrease in degradation rate was more marked for the regrowth than for the late harvested hay, for hemicelluloses than for cellulose and for ferulic than forp‐coumaric acid. These differences did not appear to be related to microbial activities, which were similar between hays and between polysaccharidases, but rather to differences in accessibility of cell wall components to microbial enzymes, related to the composition of the forage and the cell wall architecture.

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“…Studies, by Grabber (1989) on ball-milled samples of different cells isolated from stem tissues of grass have similarly shown high digestion of lignified fiber cells. These data prompted Grabber and Jung (1991) to remark that the digestion of these isolated cells was much higher than expected from histological studies of digestion (Akin, 1989). Therefore, at the tissue scale, cell wall accessibility to microorganisms may restrict digestion rates of secondary walls as much as, or more than, cell wall chemical composition (Wilson and Mertens, 1995).…”

Section: Histological Changesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Can the Biochemical Features and Histology of Wheat Residues Explain their Decomposition in Soil?

et al. 2006

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The biochemical characteristics or quality of crop residues is an important factor governing soil residue decomposition. To improve C and N biotransformation models the process underlying this decomposition needs to be better understood and new quality criteria found to describe it. The aims of this explorative study were to (i) improve our understanding of residue decomposition from detailed studies of cell wall biochemical compositions and tissue architecture (ii) find new ways of exploring generic indicators of organic matter quality. To do this, the cell wall composition and tissue architecture of wheat leaves, internodes and roots, before and after their incorporation into soil were determined. Results showed that leaves which were poorly lignified decomposed faster in soil than internodes and roots. Cellulose was the most degraded polysaccharide irrespective of wheat residue. However, cellulose was much more degraded in the case of leaves as compared to internodes and roots. Leaves also presented a highly condensed lignin structure and the extent to which uncondensed leaf lignin was affected by soil decomposition suggests that the contribution of leaf lignin to C mineralization during incubation was very low. Roots which contained similar amounts of lignin than the internodes decomposed more slowly. Roots were enriched in phenolic acids, and more particularly p-coumaric acid (pCA) and presented a more condensed lignin structure than internodes. Phenolic acids are involved in the formation of lignin-polysaccharide complexes known to be recalcitrant to enzymatic attack. Microscopic investigations confirmed that the vessels were the most resistant tissues to decomposition in soil and this could be related either to their lignin content or to the quality of this lignin (condensed-like type lignin). Therefore, cell wall biochemical analyses have revealed that phenolic acids, which in their esterified form represent only 0.1-1% of plant dry matter, have cross link functions within the cell walls that could be of major interest in estimating soil residue degradability. Lignin quality (monomers, level of condensation) was another crucial criterion that could explain why residues with similar amounts of lignin decomposed at different rates in soil (roots vs. aerial parts). Visualization of residue cell walls before and after decomposition in soil underlined the interest of a microscopic approach coupled with image analysis. This study, corroborated by the extensive literature on forage digestibility, confirmed that the proportions of vascular tissue and sclerenchyma cells in plant material are determinant factors affecting plant degradability. In the future, classification of plant material based on these criteria could lead to the definition of new quality parameters for models of C and N biotransformation in soil.

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In‐vitro disappearance of carbohydrates, phenolic acids, and lignin from parenchyma and sclerenchyma cell walls isolated from cocksfoot

Abstract: A BSTRA C T Insight into the structure and digestion of the cell-wall matrix may be gained by studying the in-vitro disappearance (IVD)of

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Feeding value, in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production of different by‐products for ruminant nutrition

Feeding value, in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production of different by‐products for ruminant nutrition

Effect of Barley Supplement on Microbial Fibrolytic Enzyme Activities and Cell Wall Degradation Rate in the Rumen

Can the Biochemical Features and Histology of Wheat Residues Explain their Decomposition in Soil?

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