In vitro digestion of microalgal biomass from freshwater species isolated in Alberta, Canada for monogastric and ruminant animal feed applications

Tibbetts, Sean M.; MacPherson, Terri; McGinn, Patrick J.; Fredeen, A. H.

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.016

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…The low energy value of the investigated MAP might be related to the probable low quantities of fermentable carbohydrates and minor importance of protein degradation for energy supply. The low energy concentration of microalgae is in accordance with the results of Tibbetts, MacPherson, McGinn, and Fredeen (), who found a general downward trend in apparent metabolizable energy when whole algal biomasses and lipid‐extracted microalgae biomasses were included in a batch‐culture in vitro ruminal fermentation system as a forage replacement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and nutritional value of cell‐disrupted and nondisrupted microalgae for ruminants

2018

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The objective of this study was to investigate ruminal fermentation and the nutritional value of different microalgae products (MAP) for ruminants, including inter-and intra-genera variability. Furthermore, the effect of mechanical cell disruption was also evaluated. Cell-disrupted and nondisrupted MAP of four genera were investigated using the Hohenheim Gas Test. The investigations included characterization of gas production (GP), production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane, organic matter digestibility, and energetic value as well as utilizable crude protein at the duodenum and ruminally undegradable crude protein (RUP). Furthermore, a three-step enzymatic in vitro system was used to estimate intestinal digestibility of RUP (IDP). Ruminal fermentation was low for all investigated microalgae genera, as indicated by overall low GP, low production of VFA, and low ruminal protein degradation. Nevertheless, all microalgae genera were characterized by high RUP concentrations (236-407 g/kg dry matter; passage rate = 8% hr −1 ), indicating that microalgae might be a promising protein source for high-performing ruminants. Low IDP (26%-49% of RUP) considerably contradicted this potential. Mechanical cell disruption in general enhanced the extent of ruminal fermentation of MAP but, as RUP was decreased and IDP was hardly affected, mechanical cell disruption appears not to be necessary when microalgae are intended for application as a protein source for ruminants. Because of the high variability in the characteristics of the nutritional value, general means are inappropriate to characterize the nutritional value of MAP. In conclusion, suitability of microalgae as a protein source for ruminants might be limited because of low IDP, although further studies are necessary to prove these findings in vivo. K E Y W O R D Scell disruption, digestibility, feeding value, microalgae, ruminal degradation, ruminants

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and nutritional value of cell‐disrupted and nondisrupted microalgae for ruminants

2018

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“…With regard to the digestibility of energy from whole-cell C. vulgaris as a potential feed ingredient, the consensus is encouraging. In vitro two-phase porcine gastric/pancreatic DE content has been reported at 15 MJ/kg (Tibbetts et al 2016), which corroborates the in vivo DE content measured with laboratory rats at 15 MJ/kg (Komaki et al 1998). Here we report a highly similar in v ivo DE (14 MJ/kg) measured with Atlantic salmon, which can be significantly increased to 19 MJ/kg with cell-rupture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…derived digestive enzymes identified it as having the highest protein solubility, dilute pepsin digestibility and 2-phase gastric/pancreatic digestibility compared to other algal species assayed (Tibbetts et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, essential amino acids and fatty acids of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets containing whole-cell or cell-ruptured Chlorella vulgaris meals at five dietary inclusion levels

Tibbetts

Mann

Dumas³

2017

Aquaculture

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“…Variability within genera was highest in Chlorella products and lowest in Phaeodactylum, regardless of cell disruption. In Nannochloropsis, the cell-disrupted samples showed a considerably lower variability (78%-80%) than the non-cell-disrupted ones (48%-59% respectively (Tibbetts, MacPherson, McGinn, & Fredeen, 2016).…”

Section: Protein and Amino Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Variability in nutrient composition and in vitro crude protein digestibility of 16 microalgae products

Wild

Steingaß

Rodehutscord

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The chemical composition of 16 microalgae products of four genera, Arthrospira (n = 2), Chlorella (n = 8), Nannochloropsis (n = 4) and Phaeodactylum (n = 2), was assayed to evaluate the intra- and inter-genera variation of nutrient profiles of commercial microalgae products. Crude protein was the main component in all genera, followed by ether extract and crude ash. Mean crude protein concentrations were 690, 502, 431 and 446 g/kg dry matter, and mean ether extract concentrations were 63, 157, 188 and 113 g/kg dry matter for Arthrospira, Chlorella, Nannochloropsis and Phaeodactylum respectively. However, there was considerable inter- and intra-genera variation. The concentration of α-linked glucose was low (0-143 g/kg dry matter). There was high variation between and within genera in the crude ash concentration (22-237 g/kg dry matter), which was also observed for the mineral composition. In contrast to the crude protein concentration, the amino acid composition of the protein (g amino acid/16 g N) was less variable. The investigated samples possessed high concentrations of Glx, Asx and Leu, and low concentrations of Cys and Met. The mean concentration of non-protein nitrogen compounds was highest in Phaeodactylum (110 g/kg dry matter) and lowest in Nannochloropsis (47 g/kg dry matter) products, and as with proximate nutrients, high variability between and within genera was observed. In vitro crude protein digestibility varied between 54% (non-cell-disrupted Nannochloropsis) and 84% (cell-disrupted Chlorella). Inositol phosphate isomers were not detectable in any sample (concentration <1 μmol/g dry matter). The predominant fatty acids were C16:0 in Arthrospira products, C18:2 n-6+ C19:1 t7 and C18:3 n-3 in Chlorella products, and C20:5 n-3 in Nannochloropsis and Phaeodactylum products; however, the relative proportions of fatty acids varied within genera. Commercially available microalgae products appear to be valuable alternative food and feed products. However, because of the high variability in nutrient profiles, attention should be given to the analytical characterization of the products.

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In vitro digestion of microalgal biomass from freshwater species isolated in Alberta, Canada for monogastric and ruminant animal feed applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and nutritional value of cell‐disrupted and nondisrupted microalgae for ruminants

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and nutritional value of cell‐disrupted and nondisrupted microalgae for ruminants

Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, essential amino acids and fatty acids of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) diets containing whole-cell or cell-ruptured Chlorella vulgaris meals at five dietary inclusion levels

Variability in nutrient composition and in vitro crude protein digestibility of 16 microalgae products

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