In vitro differentiation in the absence of nerve of avian myoblasts derived from slow and fast muscle rudiments

Frémont, P.; Ray, C. Fournier Le; Douarin, G.H. Le

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(83)90043-x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This differentiation has been shown to be under genetic control (Umeda et al 1983, Epstein 1984, and not determined by type of motor innervation, as was formerly believed (Butler et a/. 1982, Fremont et al 1983, Laing and Lamb 1983. Adult muscles composed entirely of fasttwitch fibers are invariably muscles specialized to provide power for locomotion (Simpson 1979, Sickles and Pinkstaff 1982, Suzuki 1982.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Fiber Types in the Pectoralis Muscle of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Rosser

George

1985

Acta Zoologica

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The muscle fibers of the pectoralis (M. pectoralis pars thoracicus) of a male and a female ostrich (Struthio camelus) and a male and a female emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were studied histochemically for succinate dehydrogenase and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. Slow‐tonic (ST), fast‐twitch oxidative‐glycolytic (FOG) and fast‐twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers were approximately equal in number and distribution in the emu pectoralis examined. In the ostriches, both predominantly FG and approximately equal areas, were present. ST fibers were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) larger than the similarly (P ≥ 0.05) sized FG and FOG fibers in the female ostrich and emus. In the male ostrich ST fibers were smaller (P ≤ 0.05) than FG fibers, neither of which were significantly (P ≥ 0.05) different from FOG fibers. The ratites have the greatest percentage and widest distribution of ST fibers found in any avian pectoralis studied to date. This could represent the ancestoral avian pectoralis, neoteny or an effect of flightlessness. ST fibers are used in the maintenance of posture, which is probably the main role of the pectoralis in the emu. The predominantly FG areas of the ostrich are indicative of an additional function, namely, behavioural display. Sexual dimorphism in the ostrich pectoralis is strongly suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Fiber Types in the Pectoralis Muscle of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Rosser

George

1985

Acta Zoologica

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“…On the other hand, in short-term co-culture experiments, it has been generally observed that muscle fibres are innervated at several persistent distributed synaptic sites. In order to test whether this persistent distributed innervation depended on the level of differentiation reached by muscle fibres at the time they were innervated, mouse spinal cord cells were added to cultured muscle fibres before that they had expressed their slow or fast characteristics [14]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our culture system, new muscle fibres developed entirely from outgrowing myoblasts emerging from original explants because after 4 to 5 days in culture, these explants had become necrotic [14]. Thus, muscle fibres observed in culture had been formed de novo from myogenic cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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In vitro regulation of the innervation pattern of quail muscle fibres by quail and mouse neurons

Frémont¹,

Renaud

et al. 1992

Differentiation

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“…In the chick, differentiation of slow and fast fibers occurs after neural tube ablation (Butler et al, 1982;Phillips and Bennett, 1984) and in the rat destruction of innervation prior to the invasion of motor axons into muscles does not prevent the development of different fiber types (Harris et al, 1989;Condon et al, 1990). In vitro studies suggest that myoblasts isolated from embryonic chick limb are heterogeneous and predisposed to express either slow or fast features according to their origin (Fremont et al, 1983;Miller and Stockdale, 1987 These results suggest that early events of fiber type differentiation do not require nerve contact. Most experiments to study neuromuscular interactions during embryonic development have involved muscle innervation by heterotopic levels of the neuraxis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of spinal cord stimulation on the innervation pattern of muscle fibers in vivo

Ray

Fontaine-Pérus

1991

J. Neurosci.

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In chick embryo, chronic stimulation of the brachial spinal cord at a fast rhythm from days 7 to 18 of development induced an increase in AChE activity sites and ACh receptor (AChR) clusters in slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle. Most AChR clusters and AChE spots were contacted by nerve endings. A previous study showed that such spinal cord stimulation causes changes in ALD muscle properties, especially the appearance of a high proportion of fast type II fibers (Fournier Le Ray et al., 1989). Analysis of the synaptic pattern in different fiber types of experimental ALD muscle indicated a decrease in the distance between successive AChE spots in slow type III fibers compared to controls, whereas the intersynaptic distance in fast type II fibers was very similar to that in the rare fast fibers developing in control ALD. Fast fibers of experimental muscles exhibited less AChR than did slow fibers. The increased number of neuromuscular junctions in ALD muscle after spinal cord stimulation appeared to be preferentially located in slow fibers. Electron microscopy showed no change in the number of axons in ALD nerve after spinal cord stimulation. The activity imposed on brachial motoneurons apparently caused terminal sprouting of ALD nerve in target muscle, thus accounting for the increase in neuromuscular contacts in ALD muscle fibers. Differences in the distribution of nerve contacts indicate that the type of muscle fiber innervated may play a critical role in the synaptic pattern during chick embryogenesis.

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In vitro differentiation in the absence of nerve of avian myoblasts derived from slow and fast muscle rudiments

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Fiber Types in the Pectoralis Muscle of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Histochemical Characterization and Distribution of Fiber Types in the Pectoralis Muscle of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) and Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

In vitro regulation of the innervation pattern of quail muscle fibres by quail and mouse neurons

Influence of spinal cord stimulation on the innervation pattern of muscle fibers in vivo

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