In vitro development of resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, tiamulin and oxytetracycline in Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma iowae and Mycoplasma synoviae

Gautier-Bouchardon, Anne V.; Reinhardt, Anita; Kobisch, Marylène; Kempf, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00087-1

Cited by 92 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It was in agreement to the occurrence in Japan and Belgium [10,17]. Erythromycin is highly active to M. pneumoniae [9] and M. gallisepticum [4], however, M. hyopneumoniae has natural resistance to this drug, as indicated not only by the present data but also by the previous reports [18][19][20]23]. This natural resistance of M. hyopneumoniae to EM may be due to a G to A transition at 2057 (E. coli coordinates) in domain V of the 23S rRNA, as suggested by Furneri et al [3].…”

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confidence: 88%

In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Thongkamkoon

Narongsak²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A total of 159 Thai isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs during 2006-2011 were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents. Low activity of chlortetracycline was indicated by the MIC range from 3.12-100 μg/ml and MIC 90 of 50 μg/ml. Seventy-six isolates showed resistance to enrofloxacin, whereas 2 isolates showed resistance to macrolides and lincomycin. In addition, a point mutation at A2058G was revealed by sequence analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA in both isolates. The present results confirmed the rapid increase of resistant M. hyopneumoniae isolates against chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand. Selection of drugs to control swine diseases in Thailand must be done more prudently in consideration of reducing the antimicrobial resistance. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is recognized as one of the most important pathogens in pigs. Management practices, medication and vaccination are control measures of the disease [12]. In Thailand, antimicrobials are generally given to piglets to control diarrhea and respiratory problems during weaning to fattening as well as to gilt and sow during gilt acclimatization and lactation [15]. Excessive medication may cause a decrease of susceptibility of mycoplasmas against antimicrobial agents [11,21,23]. To date, antimicrobial resistance of porcine mycoplasmas has been reported to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycin and flumequine, the first generation fluoroquinolone in some countries [1,6,17,21,22]. In Thailand, susceptibility of M. hyopneumoniae to antimicrobial agents was investigated for the isolates collected in 1997-1998, and no resistant isolates were found in that period [14]. In this study, susceptibilities of recent field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae collected during 2006-2011 were examined. M. hyopneumoniae field isolates showing resistance to macrolides and lincomycin were examined for 23S rRNA transition as an evidence of in vivo acquired resistance of M. hyopnuemoniae to macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand.One hundred and fifty-nine Thai isolates of M. hyopneumoniae and the type strain J obtained from National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Japan were used. Of the Thai isolates, 7 were isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs from 5 farms in 2006, and 20, 39, 76, 14 and 3 isolates were isolated from 10, 11, 13, 6 and 1 farms in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The lung samples collected from pneumonic lesions of pigs, either by the farmers whose pigs were clinically affected with respiratory problems or by the veterinarians at the slaughter house to monitor the respiratory diseases in the farms, were submitted to NIAH, Thailand for identification of the causative agents. Focusing on M. hyopneumoniae infection, the primary isolation was carried out in BHL broth and BHL agar medium as described previously [23]. Cultures identified as M. hyopneumoniae by colony characterization and by specific PCR [13] were stocked at −80°C until use.The followin...

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confidence: 88%

In Vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Thongkamkoon

Narongsak²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The development of resistance in M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum has already been described in vitro [15]. However, this is the first time that such an increase of resistance, associated to a ParC Ser81 Pro, is described after two in vivo treatments at the therapeutic dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Several hypotheses to explain M. synoviae persistence in the treated birds include the following: (i) the possible development of resistance mechanisms as described in vitro [15]; (ii) survival on materials in the animal environment [25] and subsequent natural re-infection of birds; (iii) ability to invade host cells for long periods and reach subcellular fractions where enrofloxacin would not be active or to persist inside the cell [27,39] in a fluoroquinolone-insensitive state, as described for M. penetrans [10]. The presence of a non-or slow-dividing subpopulation named "persisters", as previously described for different bacterial species, may be linked with M. synoviae persistence [1,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. synoviae may be transmitted either vertically, through the eggs, or laterally, by direct contact or via the environment [22,25]. M. synoviae is susceptible to various antibiotics in vitro, including tetracyclines, macrolides (except erythromycin) and fluoroquinolones [7,15]. However, although antibiotic treatments decrease the symptoms, they do not eliminate M. synoviae infections [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although antibiotic treatments decrease the symptoms, they do not eliminate M. synoviae infections [22]. Moreover, M. synoviae isolates displaying increased enrofloxacin MIC have been isolated [37] and development of resistant M. synoviae strains has been observed in vitro [15]. In France, enrofloxacin (Baytril ® 10%) is approved for the treatment of respiratory infections associated with M. synoviae or M. gallisepticum and for the treatment of colibacillosis in hens or broiler chickens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Mycoplasma synoviae in hens after two enrofloxacin treatments and detection of mutations in the parC gene

et al. 2006

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-The ability of Mycoplasma synoviae, an avian pathogen, to persist despite fluoroquinolone treatments was investigated in hens. Groups of Mycoplasma-free hens were experimentally infected with the M. synoviae 317 strain and treated twice with enrofloxacin at the therapeutic dose. The results show that the two treatments did not have any influence on this strain of M. synoviae recovery from tracheal swabs. Mycoplasmas were isolated from tracheal swab cultures, but not from inner organs such as the liver or spleen, suggesting that this strain of M. synoviae was not able to cross the mucosal barrier to disseminate throughout the host. A significant increase of the resistance level to enrofloxacin of five re-isolated mycoplasma clones, was observed after the second treatment. This increase was associated in two clones to a Ser81→Pro substitution, found in the ParC quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of DNA topoisomerase IV. This is the first time that a mutation in a gene coding for topoisomerase IV is described in M. synoviae after in vivo enrofloxacin treatments in experimentally infected hens.Mycoplasma synoviae / fluoroquinolone / persistence / topoisomerase / poultry

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Mycoplasma

Brown¹,

May²,

Bradbury³

et al. 2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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My.co.plas'ma. Gr. masc. n. myces a fungus; Gr. neut. n. plasma something formed or molded, a form; N.L. neut. n. Mycoplasma fungus form. Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Mycoplasma Pleomorphic cells, 300–800 nm in diameter, varying in shape from spherical, ovoid or flask‐shaped, or twisted rods, to slender branched filaments ranging in length from 50 to 500 nm. Cells lack a cell wall and are bounded by a single plasma membrane. Gram‐stain‐negative due to the absence of a cell wall. Some have a complex internal cytoskeleton. Some have a specific tip structure that mediates attachment to host cells or other surfaces. Usually nonmotile , but gliding motility has been demonstrated in some species. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic . Optimum growth at 37°C is common, but permissive growth temperatures range from 20 to 45°C. Chemo‐organotrophic , usually using either sugars or arginine as the major energy source. Require cholesterol or related sterols for growth. Colonies are usually less than 1 mm in diameter. The typical colony has a fried‐egg appearance . The genome size of species examined ranges from 580 kbp to about 1350 kbp . The codon UGA encodes tryptophan in all species examined. Commensals or pathogens in a wide range of vertebrate hosts. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 23–40. Type species : Mycoplasma mycoides (Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910) Freundt 1955, 73 ( Asterococcus mycoides Borrel, Dujardin‐Beaumetz, Jeantet and Jouan 1910, 179).

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In vitro development of resistance to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, tiamulin and oxytetracycline in Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma iowae and Mycoplasma synoviae

Cited by 92 publications

References 34 publications

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Persistence of Mycoplasma synoviae in hens after two enrofloxacin treatments and detection of mutations in the parC gene

Mycoplasma

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