In vitro development of postimplantation rat embryos cultured on dialyzed rat serum

Abstract

Attempts to culture postimplantation rat embryos on defined media have not been successful although they grow well when cultured on homologous serum. As a first step in the search for factors in serum that support growth and differentiation of such cultured preparations the following experiments were undertaken. Six-somite rat embryos were cultured on whole serum, dialyzed serum, or the buffered salt solution (BSS) used for dialysis. Additional experiments were conducted utilizing BSS supplemented with glucose or dialyzed serum supplemented with glucose, mannose, fructose, or pyruvate. Of the media tested only glucose-supplemented dialyzed serum maintained development at a level comparable to that obtained with whole serum. Further preliminary studies with combined supplementation and metabolic poisoning suggested that anaerobic glycolysis is essential for the in-vitro growth and differentiation of these preparations.

Mitochondrial and glycolytic remodeling during nascent neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells

“…The percentage of glucose converted to lactate during NPC induction reached ∼100% under atmospheric oxygen and over 125% under physiological oxygen conditions (Fig. 3G,H) indicating contributions from either glutaminolysis or glycogen catabolism, and consistent with rates observed in post-implantation mouse and rat embryos (>90% and 100%, respectively) at the time of neural tube and neural crest development (Gunberg, 1976;Clough and Whittingham, 1983;Ellington, 1987). Overall, these results indicate that nascent ectoderm differentiation increases the glycolytic contribution to metabolism to levels greater than those observed in pluripotent cells.…”

Effects of valproic acid, some of its metabolites and analogues on prenatal development of rats in vitro and comparison with effects in vivo

“…During recent years the whole-embryo culture of early postimplantation stages of rodents has been predominantly used for basic research, such as elucidation of basic developmental problems, nutritional requirements, teratogenic mechanisms (cf e. g. Deuchar 1971;Gunberg 1976;Cockroft 1979;Lewandowski 1987), or to investigate the induction of abnormal embryonic development by single test substances in vitro (e. g. Brown et al 1979;Kao et al 1981;Mc Garrity et al 1981;.…”

Glycobiology of Development: Spinal Dysmorphogenesis in Rat Embryos Cultured in a Hyperglycemic Environment

“…These studies have stimulated the investigation of the serum for essential developmental factors (Greenberg, 1976; New and Cockroft, 1978; Morriss and New, 1979) and the development of a systematic model for the study of teratogenesis (Sadler et al, 1982;Sanyal and Naftolin, 1983).…”