In vitro degradation of ZM21 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluids

Witecka, Agnieszka; Bogucka, Aleksandra; Yamamoto, Akiko; Máthis, Kristián; Krajňák, Tomáš; Jaroszewicz, Jakub; Święszkowski, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.019

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The conclusions drawn from Witecka et al [49] are a good example of how seemingly small changes in the experimental procedure can significantly impact the results and conclusions generated. The assertion that E-MEM+10%FBS is the most suitable solution for future studies was the conclusion drawn from the data gathered.…”

Section: Ph and Buffer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, a wide range of solutions and methodologies have been explored [36,[43][44][45][46], each with advantages and limitations, although some studies still continue to use NaCl solutions [47]. Table 1 provides a comparison of the constituent elements of several commonly used in vitro immersion solution [24,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Variability Of In Vitro Testing and The Need For Standardisamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously stated, Table 1 indicates the primary difference between HBSS and EBSS is the higher concentration of HCO 3 − in EBSS. While this does make EBSS more physiologically similar to blood plasma, it comes at the cost of stability, and it is noted that careful preparation, pH control and a 5% CO 2 atmosphere is required to prevent excess precipitation of CaCO 3 [49,73]. In contrast, the lower HCO 3 − level in HBSS allows it to be used in normal atmospheric conditions [49].…”

Section: Increasing Concentrations Of Hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this does make EBSS more physiologically similar to blood plasma, it comes at the cost of stability, and it is noted that careful preparation, pH control and a 5% CO 2 atmosphere is required to prevent excess precipitation of CaCO 3 [49,73]. In contrast, the lower HCO 3 − level in HBSS allows it to be used in normal atmospheric conditions [49]. Adequate buffering and pH controls are nevertheless strongly recommended and can be Figure 3 The mass loss corrosion rate of CP-Mg in different SBFs and buffers, at 37°C for 1 week.…”

Section: Increasing Concentrations Of Hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have attempted to utilise this method in biocorrosion testing, but it has proven ineffective. Witecka et al [49] considered the corrosion of ZM21 in two different conditions (as cast and ECAPed) in three SBFs (HBSS, EBSS and E-MEM+10%FBS) while controlling the pH with a 5% CO 2 atmosphere. The pH of the solutions throughout the first 24 h of the tests is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Ph and Buffer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

2017

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The factors that influence magnesium (Mg) corrosion in vitro are systematically evaluated from a review of the relevant literature. We analysed the influence of the following factors on Mg biocorrosion in vitro: (i) inorganic ions, including both anions and cations, (ii) organic components such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins, and (iii) experimental parameters such as temperature, pH, buffer system and flow rate. Considerations and recommendations towards a standardised approach to in vitro biocorrosion testing are given. Several potential simulated body fluids are recommended. Implementing a standardised approach to experimental parameters has the potential to significantly reduce variability between in vitro biocorrosion tests, and to help build towards a methodology that accurately and consistently mimics in vivo corrosion. However, there are also knowledge gaps with regard to how best to characterise the in vivo environment and corrosion mechanism. The assumption that blood plasma is the correct bodily fluid upon which to base in vitro methodologies is examined, and factors that influence the corrosion mechanism in vivo, such as specimen encapsulation, bear consideration for further studies.

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Section: Ph and Buffer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variability Of In Vitro Testing and The Need For Standardisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Concentrations Of Hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Concentrations Of Hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ph and Buffer Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

2017

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AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing for Bio-Medical Applications: The Role of Microstructure on SCC

Varone,

Fabrizi,

Peron

et al. 2024

Engineering Methodologies for Medicine and Sports

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Bio-corrosion impacts on mechanical integrity of ZM21 Mg for orthopaedic implant application processed by equal channel angular pressing

Sekar

Nyahale

Naik

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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The mechanical integrity of rolled ZM21 Mg was improved by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to function as a potential biodegradable bone screw implant. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) revealed deformed grains of 45 µm observed in rolled ZM21 Mg. They were transformed to equiaxed fine grains of 5.4 µm after 4th pass ECAP. The yield strength of rolled and ECAPed ZM21 Mg alloys were comparable. In contrast, 4th pass ZM21 Mg exhibited relatively higher elongation when compared to rolled sample. The mechanical properties of rolled and ECAPed ZM21 Mg were dependant on both grain refinement and crystallographic texture. The rolled and 4th pass ECAPed tensile samples exhibited nonlinear deterioration of mechanical properties when tested after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days immersion in Hank’s solution. The evaluation signifies that regardless their processing condition, ZM21 Mg alloys are suitable for surgical areas that requires high mechanical strength. In addition, the 4th pass ECAP samples were viable to MG-63 cells proving themselves to be promising candidates for future in vivo studies.

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In vitro degradation of ZM21 magnesium alloy in simulated body fluids

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing for Bio-Medical Applications: The Role of Microstructure on SCC

Bio-corrosion impacts on mechanical integrity of ZM21 Mg for orthopaedic implant application processed by equal channel angular pressing

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