In vitro cytotoxicity of fungi spoiling maize silage

Rasmussen, Rie Romme; Rasmussen, Peter; Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld; Bladt, Tanja Thorskov; Binderup, Mona‐Lise

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.09.007

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…6,7 Roquefortine C ( 1 ) is found in low levels in industrially produced blue cheese, 8 grain, 9–12 and animal feedstocks, 13 and while cytotoxic effects of varying degrees have been observed in mice 14,15 and cockerels, 16 roquefortine C has shown little to no cytotoxicity in a number of human cell lines. 12,17,18 Roquefortine C is known to bind to iron, inactivating hepatic cytochrome P450s 19 and inhibiting growth of gram-positive bacteria containing heme proteins. 20,21 Roquefortine C may also be significant in indoor air contamination, as it has been isolated from numerous mold-contaminated indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OxaD: A Versatile Indolic Nitrone Synthase from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum F30

et al. 2016

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Indole alkaloids are a diverse class of natural products known for their wide range of biological activities and complex chemical structures. Rarely observed in this class are indolic nitrones, such as avrainvillamide and waikialoid, which possess potent bioactivities. Herein the oxa gene cluster from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum F30 is described along with the characterization of OxaD, a flavin-dependent oxidase that generates roquefortine L, a nitrone-bearing intermediate in the biosynthesis of oxaline. Nitrone functionality in roquefortine L was confirmed by spectroscopic methods and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with methyl acrylate. OxaD is a versatile biocatalyst that converts an array of semisynthetic roquefortine C derivatives bearing indoline systems to their respective nitrones. This work describes the first implementation of a nitrone synthase as a biocatalyst and establishes a novel platform for late-stage diversification of a range of complex natural products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OxaD: A Versatile Indolic Nitrone Synthase from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum F30

et al. 2016

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“…The fungi spoiling maize and maize silage are able to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites on different substrates [10]. Previous studies of mycotoxins in maize silage and whole-crop maize for silage have detected various fungal metabolites of pre- and post-harvest origin [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Danish Maize Silage

Storm

Rasmussen

2014

Toxins

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Maize silage is a widely used feed product for cattle worldwide, which may be contaminated with mycotoxins, pre- and post-harvest. This concerns both farmers and consumers. To assess the exposure of Danish cattle to mycotoxins from maize silage, 99 samples of whole-crop maize (ensiled and un-ensiled) were analyzed for their contents of 27 mycotoxins and other secondary fungal metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method specifically targets the majority of common pre- and post-harvest fungi associated with maize silage in Denmark. Sixty-one samples contained one or more of the 27 analytes in detectable concentrations. The most common mycotoxins were zearalenone, enniatin B nivalenol and andrastin A, found in 34%, 28%, 16% and 15% of the samples, respectively. None of the samples contained mycotoxins above the EU recommended maximum concentrations for Fusarium toxins in cereal-based roughage. Thus, the present study does not indicate that Danish maize silage in general is a cause of acute single mycotoxin intoxications in cattle. However, 31 of the samples contained multiple analytes; two samples as much as seven different fungal metabolites. Feed rations with maize silage may therefore contain complex mixtures of fungal secondary metabolites with unknown biological activity. This emphasizes the need for a thorough examination of the effects of chronic exposure and possible synergistic effects.

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“…Fink Grammels (2008) found correlation between the capacity of the rumen to inactivate mycotoxins and the likelihood of adverse health effects in cattle. A chronic exposure to low levels of mycotoxins typically gives non-specific symptoms such as an impaired immune system and increased infections or metabolic and hormonal imbalances (Morgavi and Riley 2007, Fink-Gremmels 2008, Rasmussen et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that contaminated feeds will contain more than one mycotoxin (Whitlow and Hagler 2002). In order to protect animal health some countries have recommendations for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisins and zearalenone content in feed (European Commission 2006, Rasmussen et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium and Aspergillus mycotoxins effects on dairy cow health, performance and the efficacy of Anti-Mycotoxin Additive

Jovaišienė¹,

Bakutis²,

Baliukonienė³

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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One hundred two samples of feeds made in Lithuania, which included maize silage, grass-legume silage, hay and ensiled crimped maize were investigated during 2008-2012 for contamination with some mycotoxins. The highest concentrations of mycotoxins determined were those of deoxynivalenol (DON) -471.0 μg/kg and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) -21.2 μg/kg in ryegrass silage from bales, and zearalenone (ZEA) -625.0 μg/kg in maize silage from trenches. The present study has been carried out based on these data because animal feeds contaminated with mycotoxins can cause reduced productivity of dairy cows and health disorders in the long term. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term exposure of toxic effects of a diet naturally contaminated with low concentrations of mycotoxins on milk composition and biochemical, hematological, immunological parameters of dairy cows and to determine the anti-mycotoxin effect of Mycofix Plus 3.E. Twenty eight clinically healthy, medium productive Lithuanian Red cows were selected. ZEA was a major contaminant found in the corn silage at concentration levels of up to 1000.0 μg/kg of dry matter. DON was the second major found in the hay at concentration levels of up to 600.0 μg/kg of dry matter. The highest concentration AFB 1 -10.0 μg/kg was determined in ground barley. The Anti-Mycotoxin Additive (AMA) Mycofix Plus 3.E was given individually to 14 cows at a concentration of 40.0 g daily for 9 weeks.The present results indicate that feeds naturally contaminated with low concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. in a diet of dairy cows can have a negative influence on somatic cell count, blood parameters and immunity. The addition of an Anti-Mycotoxin Additive (Mycofix Plus 3.E) to diet of dairy cows can prevent many of these effects.

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In vitro cytotoxicity of fungi spoiling maize silage

Cited by 36 publications

References 90 publications

OxaD: A Versatile Indolic Nitrone Synthase from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum F30

OxaD: A Versatile Indolic Nitrone Synthase from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum F30

Occurrence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites in Danish Maize Silage

Fusarium and Aspergillus mycotoxins effects on dairy cow health, performance and the efficacy of Anti-Mycotoxin Additive

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