In vitro cytotoxicity of different dental resin-cements on human cell lines

Abstract

Adhesive resin-cements are increasingly used in modern dentistry. Nevertheless, released substances from resin materials have been shown to cause cellular toxic effects. Disc-shaped specimens from 12 different resin cements and one conventional zinc phosphate cement were prepared and used for direct stimulation of five different human cell lines via transwell cell culture system or in an indirect way using conditioned cell culture media. Cytotoxicity was determined using LDH and BCA assays. All tested cements led to a decrease of cell viability but to a distinct extent depending on cell type, luting material, and cytotoxicity assay. In general, cements exhibited a more pronounced cytotoxicity in direct stimulation experiments compared to stimulations using conditioned media. Interestingly, the conventional zinc phosphate cement showed the lowest impact on cell viability. On cellular level, highest cytotoxic effects were detected in osteoblastic cell lines. All resin cements reduced cell viability of human cells with significant differences depending on cell type and cement material. Especially, osteoblastic cells demonstrated a tremendous increase of cytotoxicity after cement exposure. Although the results of this in vitro study cannot be transferred directly to a clinical setting, it shows that eluted substances from resin cements may disturb osteoblastic homeostasis that in turn could lead to conditions favoring peri-implant bone destruction. Thus, the wide use of resin cements in every clinical situation should be scrutinized. A correct use with complete removal of all cement residues and a sufficient polymerization should be given the utmost attention in clinical usage.

Hyperbranched Copolymers Forming Polymersome-like Structures Used for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of α-Tocopherol Succinate (TOS): Drug Transport Modeling

“…The permeation of cell membranes was enhanced using 1× Triton, and non-specific binding was blocked using 1% bovine serum albumin. Finally, the wells were stained with rhodamine–phalloidin or DAPI and washed three times with 1× PBS prior to image acquisition and analysis using an Axio Observer Z1 microscope …”

Biomaterial scaffolds regulate macrophage activity to accelerate bone regeneration

“…As biomaterial scaffolds are in vivo implants that need to be retained in vivo for a period of time, some conventional performance parameters need to be considered first ( Table.2 ). Safety indicators such as biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and immunogenicity should be the key consideration ( Marin et al, 2020 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ; Diemer et al, 2021 ). It is a prerequisite for biomaterials to function without causing local or even systemic adverse reactions in vivo .…”

“…Ensure the safety of the implantMarin et al (2020) CytotoxicityEnsure the safety of the implantDiemer et al (2021) Immunogenicity Ensure the safety of the implantGao et al (2021) Biodegradablity Provide proper support and space for new tissueMiao et al (2021) Antibacterial property Ensure the safety of long-term implantation and assist in the treatment of possible co-infection of bone defectsWu et al (2021) Parameters to regulate macrophageDegradation product Influence macrophage phenotype and secretion Chen et al (2014) Pore size Influence macrophage morphology, infiltration and polarization Tylek et al (2020); Li et al (2022) Substrate stiffness Influence macrophage migration, polarization and phagocytosis Sridharan et al (2019) Surface roughness Influence macrophage attachment and polarization Wang et al (2018) Surface wettability Influence macrophage phenotype and secretion Lv et al (2018) Material topography Inflience macrophage attachment, morphology, polarization and secretion Chen et al (2010) 3D structure Influence macrophage morphology, fusion, infiltration and polarization Jiang et al (2016). Provide a microenvironment close to the body Material group charge Influence macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation Mao et al (2022) Material group chirality Influence macrophage phenotype and secretion Jiang et al (2022) Physical stimulation Influence macrophage morphology, migration, polarization and secretion Hoare et al (2016); Wosik et al (2018) Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org absorbed by macrophages or affect the local microenvironment.…”

The Role of Biopolymer-Based Materials in Obstetrics and Gynecology Applications: A Review

“…Nevertheless, released substances from resin materials have been shown to cause toxic cellular effects. Diemer et al [38] investigated the effect of resin-cements against different cell-lines and reported that all their tested resin cements significantly reduced cell viability of human cells especially, osteoblastic cells demonstrated a tremendous increase of cytotoxicity after cement exposure. The authors suggested that the wide use of resin cement in every clinical situation should be scrutinized.…”