In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of MgO Nanoparticles and Their Effect on the Expression of ROS Genes

Kumaran, Rangarajulu Senthil; Choi, Yong‐Keun; Singh, Vijay; Song, Hak-Jin; Song, Kyung Guen; Kim, Hyung Joo

doi:10.3390/ijms16047551

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We suspect that MgO is not too toxic for applications as a candidate for disease or cancer diagnosis, especially in the biomedical fields. In many other studies, results indicated that MgO nanomaterials are less toxic due to their smooth morphology, which reflects that the toxicity of nanomaterials is morphology and size/concentration dependent 3 , 39 . Cell viability is dependent on MgO concentration in experiments conducted in darkness and with 660 nm laser light.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line

Akram

Fakhar-e-Alam

Butt

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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MgO is an attractive choice for carcinogenic cell destruction in photodynamic therapy, as confirmed by manifold analysis. The prime focus of the presented research is to investigate the toxicity caused by morphologically different MgO nanostructures obtained by annealing at various annealing temperatures. Smart (stimuli-responsive) MgO nanomaterials are a very promising class of nanomaterials, and their properties can be controlled by altering their size, morphology, or other relevant characteristics. The samples investigated here were grown by the co-precipitation technique. Toxicity-dependent parameters were assessed in a HeLa cell model after annealing the grown samples at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. After the overall characterization, an analysis of toxicity caused by changes in the MgO nanostructure morphology was tested in a HeLa cell model using a neutral red assay and microscopy. The feasibility of using MgO for PDT was assessed. Empirical modelling was applied to corroborate the experimental results obtained from assessing cell viability losses and reactive oxygen species. The results indicate that MgO is an excellent candidate material for medical applications and could be utilized for its potential ability to upgrade conventionally used techniques.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Kumaran investigated MgO nanoparticles (NP) with 20 nm size via the GST and ROS gene mechanism. The results showed that 150 µg/mL MgO nanoparticle dispersions liberate significant cytotoxins 3 . MgO NPs proved to be a promising material for biomedical applications due in cancer therapy, nano-cryosurgery, and hyperthermia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line

Akram

Fakhar-e-Alam

Butt

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Among the different apoptotic pathways, the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway plays a major role in metal oxide nanoparticle-induced cell death, since mitochondria are 1 of the major target organelles for nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress. [34][35][36][37][38] Ghobadian et al 26 reported MgO nanoparticles induced cellular apoptosis and intracellular ROS in zebrafish embryos. However, in the present study, MgO nanoparticles caused cell death through the other pathways than apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure in Several Mammalian Cell Types

et al. 2016

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Worldwide researchers have rising concerns about magnesium-based materials, especially magnesium oxide (MgO) nanaoparticles, due to increasing usage as promising structural materials in various fields including cancer treatment. However, there is a serious lack of information about their toxicity at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, the toxic potentials of MgO nanoparticles were investigated on liver (HepG2), kidney (NRK-52E), intestine (Caco-2), and lung (A549) cell lines. For the toxicological assessment, the following assays were used: the particle characterization by transmission electron microscopy, the determination of cellular uptake by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, MTT and neutral red uptake assays for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, and the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, protein carbonyl, and glutathione levels by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays for the potential of oxidative damage and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide (PI) for apoptosis. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were taken up by the cells depending on their concentration and agglomeration/aggregation potentials. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles induced DNA (≤14.27 fold) and oxidative damage. At a concentration of ≥323.39 µg/mL, MgO nanoparticles caused 50% inhibition in cell viability by 2 different cytotoxicity assays. The cell sensitivity to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage induced by MgO nanoparticles was ranked as HepG2 < A549 < Caco-2 < NRK-52E. Although it was observed that MgO nanoparticles induced apoptotic effects on the cells, apoptosis was not the main cell death. DNA damage, cell death, and oxidative damage effects of MgO nanoparticles should raise concern about the safety associated with their applications in consumer products.

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“…However, MgO NPs were found to be least effective in inducing cell death in human astrocytoma U87 cells . Another study conducted on human liver epithelial cancer cell line for genotoxic effects of MgO NPs, did not produce significant effects compared with control experiments at the investigated concentrations . A few in vivo investigations with MgO NPs are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genotoxicity, biochemical, and biodistribution studies of magnesium oxide nano and microparticles in albino wistar rats after 28‐day repeated oral exposure

Mangalampalli

Dumala

Venkata

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Increased utilization and exposure levels of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) to humans and environment may raise unexpected consequences. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicological implications of MgO NPs and MPs after 28 day repeated oral administration in Wistar rats with three different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). The MgO particles were characterised systematically in order to get more insights of the toxicological behaviour. MgO NPs induced significant DNA damage and aberrations in chromosomes. Moreover, hepatic enzymes released into the systemic circulation caused significant elevated levels of physiological enzymes in blood. NPs could interfere with proteins and enzymes and alter the redox balance in cell environment. Significant accumulation of Mg in all tissues and clearance via urine and faeces was noted in size dependent kinetics. Oral administration of MgO NPs altered the biochemical and genotoxic parameters in dose dependent and gender independent manner.

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In Vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of MgO Nanoparticles and Their Effect on the Expression of ROS Genes

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line

RETRACTED ARTICLE: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line

In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure in Several Mammalian Cell Types

Genotoxicity, biochemical, and biodistribution studies of magnesium oxide nano and microparticles in albino wistar rats after 28‐day repeated oral exposure

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