In vitro cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants from Nigeria ethnomedicine on Rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell line and HPLC analysis of active extracts

Ogbole, Omonike O.; Segun, Peter A.; Ja, Aznar

doi:10.1186/s12906-017-2005-8

Cited by 111 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that while the eyesalve can cause damage in the cell lines used, it may not cause significant damage to intact eyes since the undiluted control (chloramphenicol eye drops, 5 mg/mL) caused a similar level of cell death in the skin cells and are accepted for use to treat eye infections. Similar results have been shown in other studies of undiluted plant-based remedies (29, 30). Low numbers of viable cells were observed in THP-1 cells treated with both the undiluted and the 1/10 dilution of Bald’s eyesalve when compared to the chloramphenicol treated controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections

Anonye

Nweke

Furner-Pardoe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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22The rise in antimicrobial resistance has prompted the development of alternatives, 23 such as plant-derived compounds, to combat bacterial infections. Bald's eyesalve, a 24 remedy used in the Early Medieval period, has previously been shown to have efficacy 25 against Staphylococcus aureus grown in an in vitro model of soft tissue infection. This 26 remedy also had bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in 27 a chronic mouse wound. However, the safety profile of Bald's eyesalve has not yet 28 been demonstrated, and this is vital before testing in humans. Here, we determined 29 the safety potential of Bald's eyesalve using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models 30 representative of skin or eye infections. We also confirmed that Bald's eyesalve is 31 active against an important eye pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Low levels of 32 cytotoxicity were observed in eyesalve-treated cell lines representative of skin and 33 immune cells. Results from a bovine corneal opacity and permeability test 34 demonstrated slight irritation to the cornea that resolved within 10 minutes. The slug 35 mucosal irritation assay revealed that a low level of mucus was secreted by slugs 36 exposed to eyesalve, indicating mild mucosal irritation. We obtained promising results 37 from mouse wound closure experiments; no visible signs of irritation or inflammation 38 were observed. Our results suggest that Bald's eyesalve could be tested further on 39 human volunteers to assess safety for topical application against bacterial infections. 40 41 Importance: Alternative treatment for bacterial infections are needed to combat the 42 ever increasing repertoire of bacteria resistant to antibiotics. A medieval plant-based 43 remedy, Bald's eyesalve, shows promise as a substitute for the treatment of these 44infections. For any substance to be effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in 45 humans, it is important to consider the safety profile. This is a key consideration in 46 3 order to have the necessary regulatory approval. We demonstrate the safety profile of 47 Bald's eyesalve using a variety of models, including whole-organ and whole-animal 48 models. Our results show that Bald's eyesalve is mildly toxic to cultured human cells, 49 but potentially suitable for patch tests on healthy human volunteers to assess safety 50 for later clinical trials. Our work has the potential to transform the management of 51 diseases caused by bacterial infections, such as diabetic foot ulcers, through topical 52 application of a natural product cocktail based on Bald's eyesalve. 53 54

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections

Anonye

Nweke

Furner-Pardoe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay that measure cell viability, with respect to the ability of mitochondrial reductase present in viable cells, to reduce water soluble MTT to water insoluble formazan crystals. The quantity of formazan produced at the end of the assay is used to estimate the amount of viable cells in the culture medium 40 . The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has stated that a crude extract should be considered active in a preliminary cell viability studies if it as CC50 < 30 µg/mL after an exposure time of 72 h 41 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiprotozoal, antiviral and cytotoxic properties of the nigerian mushroom, hypoxylon fuscum pers. fr. (xylariaceae)

Ogbole¹,

Segun²,

Akinleye³

et al. 2018

actapharm

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In Nigeria, mushrooms are utilised for the treatment of several ailments. Although the biological activities of some Nigerian mushrooms have been reported, there is dearth of information on the therapeutic potentials of Hypoxylon fuscum. The aim of this study is to investigate the antileishmanial, antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, cytotoxic and antiviral activities of H. fuscum. The antiplasmodial studies revealed that the extract was active against chloroquine-sensitive D6 and chloroquine-resistant W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum (IC 50 of 6.98 and 8.33 µg/ mL, respectively). The extract showed antitrypanosomal activity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei but lacked inhibitory activity against Leishmania donovani. The extract displayed cytotoxicity on Artemia salina larvae and rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, with CC 50 value of 3.33 and 8.60 µg/mL, respectively, and also displayed antiviral activity on echoviruses (E7 and E19). This study demonstrated that Hypoxylon fuscum possess several pharmacological activities and may provide a drug lead for the development of effective chemotherapeutic agents.

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“…Further exploration of these extracts with more sensitive cytotoxicity assays can lead to the isolation of potent cytotoxic compounds that can be harnessed into anticancer drug leads. The brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) of the crude methanol extract has earlier been reported [30]. The BSLA is very useful tool for studying bioactive compounds from plant extracts [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benth is an ethnomedicinally important straggling perennial shrub belonging to the family Mimosaceae. Several of the traditional uses of CP have received scientific validation including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, Antiulcer and chemo preventive [29][30][31][32][33]. In Nigeria, the roots are traditionally important as an antimicrobial agent [34], in managing pain, ulcer and convulsions [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of peptide-rich root extracts of Calliandria portoriscensis (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) for in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality

Ogbole

Ndabai

Akinleye

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Several Host defence peptides (HDPs) are low molecular weight (< 50 amino acids residues) peptides detected in several ethnomedicinal plants and have particularly gained research interest in recent times. Due to their wide range of bioactivity, occurrence, abundance and ability to induce very little resistance, they hold promising potentials in drug development. This study investigated the presence of bioactive peptides in the roots of Calliandra portoricensis (CPr) (Mimosaceae) and evaluated its antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.Methods: The crude peptide extract was obtained and pre-purified on pre-loaded tube of RP-C 18 solid phase cartridges (strata giga tube C18-E; 5 g, 20 mL, Phenomenex, Germany). Peptide enriched fraction was chemically analysed for arginine-rich/aromatic amino acid-rich peptides using a modified G-250 analytical stain and ninhydrin on thin layer chromatography (TLC) for a preliminary screening. Furthermore, MALDI TOF/TOF peptidomics was used to detect the presence and masses of the peptides. Extracts from CPr were used to test the ability to inhibit microbial growth using p-INT (Para-iodonitrotetrazolium violet) dye, with 0.1% gentamycin as positive control. The concentration that inhibits the growth of microorganisms by 50% (IC 50 ) were determined. Toxicity of the two extracts was accessed using freshly hatched nauplii of Artemia salina. Data analysis were evaluated using Microsoft excel and GraphPad Prism5.Results: Low molecular weight (LMW) peptides were detected in CPr using TLC and MALDI-TOF MS. Generally, the extracts exhibited good inhibition (70-95%) against the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, except MRSA6 typed strain. Enhanced activity was observed in the pre-purified peptide fraction than in the methanol crude, except on MRSA6. The greatest antimicrobial inhibition by pre-purified peptide fraction was against MRSA22 (IC 50 = 0.69 ± 0.33 μg/mL). The crude methanol extract (LC 50 = 5.13 μg/mL) was slightly more toxic than the peptide extract (LC 50 = 6.12 μg/mL).Conclusions: This is the first report on detection of bioactive LMW peptides in Mimosaceae family. These peptides appear to be rich in arginine and aromatic amino acids. The peptide extract, in its pre-purified form showed a lower Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and an enhanced antimicrobial activity against the tested gram-negative and grampositive bacteria.

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In vitro cytotoxic activity of medicinal plants from Nigeria ethnomedicine on Rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell line and HPLC analysis of active extracts

Cited by 111 publications

References 34 publications

The safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections

The safety profile of Bald’s eyesalve for the treatment of bacterial infections

Antiprotozoal, antiviral and cytotoxic properties of the nigerian mushroom, hypoxylon fuscum pers. fr. (xylariaceae)

Evaluation of peptide-rich root extracts of Calliandria portoriscensis (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) for in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality

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